Introduction

<style justify> The detrimental effects of alcohol during pregnancy have been known for centuries. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a more recent umbrella term used to describe disabilities resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure. </style>

<style justify> One of the disorders under FASD, is Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) which is commonly diagnosed when the patient exhibits characteristic facial dysmorphology, growth restriction, and central nervous system/neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The best way right now to detect is for self-reporting. The symptoms shown above may not all be expressed in the patient; hence the problem lies in how are we supposed to find a way to define individuals who are less affected. Researchers have since suggested terms that identify children who do not fall under this category, such as fetal alcohol effects (FAE), Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD), and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND). Therefore, researchers have since arrived at adopting an overarching term, called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), thereby encompasses all the levels of prenatal alcohol exposure. </style>