B. S. Physics (Nankai)
M.S. Applied Physics (East Carolina University)
Ph.D. Biomedical Physics (East Carolina University)

Qiyin Fang is a professor of Engineering Physics at McMaster University and held the Canada Research Chair in Biophotonics from 2005-2016. He is a member of the McMaster School of Biomedical Engineering and associate member of several other programs. Dr. Fang's current research interests include multimodality sensing and imaging technologies for biomedical applications, e.g., optical biopsy, wide-field imaging, endoscopy, microscopy, point-of-care/in-home/wearable sensing systems, and distributed environmental sensing.

Prior to his current position at McMaster, Dr. Fang was a research scientist in the Minimally Invasive Surgical Technology Institute at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.

Dr. Fang is an elected fellow of the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE).

• Elizabeth J. Osterlund, Nehad Hirmiz, James M. Pemberton, Adrien Nougarede, Qian Liu, Brian Leber, Qiyin Fang, and David W. Andrews, “Efficacy and specificity of inhibitors of BCL-2 family protein interactions assessed by affinity measurements in live cells,” Science Advances, 8(16): 2022, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7375 (Open Access)
• Nehad Hirmiz, Anthony Tsikouras, Elizabeth J. Osterlund, Morgan Richards, David W. Andrews, and Qiyin Fang, “Highly Multiplexed Confocal Fluorescence Lifetime Microscope Designed for Screening Applications,” IEEE Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 27(5):1-9, doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2020.2997834 (Preprint PDF)
• Nehad Hirmiz, Anthony Tsikouras, Elizabeth J. Osterlund, Morgan Richards, David W. Andrews, and Qiyin Fang, “Multiplexed confocal microscope with a refraction window scanner and a single-photon avalanche photodiode array detector,” Optics Letters 45(1): 69-72, 2020, doi.org/10.1364/OL.45.000069 (online)
• Bo Xiong, Qiyin Fang, “Luminescence lifetime imaging using a cellphone camera with an electronic rolling shutter”, Optics Letters, 45(1): 81-84, 2020, doi.org/10.1364/OL.45.000081 (Online)
• Nehad Hirmiz, Anthony Tsikouras, Elizabeth J. Osterlund, Morgan Richards, David W. Andrews, and Qiyin Fang, “Cross-talk reduction in a multiplexed synchroscan streak camera with simultaneous calibration,” Opt. Express 27: 22602-22614, 2019, doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.022602 (online)
• Anthony Tsikouras, Pietro Peronio, Ivan Rech, Nehad Hirmiz, M. Jamal Deen, and Qiyin Fang, “Characterization of SPAD Array for Multifocal High-Content Screening Applications,” Photonics 3(4):56, 2016; doi: 10.3390/photonics3040056, (Open Access)
• Anthony Tsikouras, Richard Berman, David W. Andrews and Qiyin Fang, “High-speed multifocal array scanning using refractive window tilting,” Biomedical Optics Express 6, 3737-3757 (2015). (Open Access)
• Zhaojun Nie, Ran An, Joseph E. Hayward, Thomas J. Farrell, Qiyin Fang, “Hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime imaging for optical biopsy,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 18 (9):096001, 2013, doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.18.9.096001, (PDF)
• Allison Yeh, Kevin Diamond, Michael Patterson, Zhaojun Nie, Joseph Hayward, Qiyin Fang, “Monitoring Photosensitizer Uptake Using Two Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy,” Theranostics; 2(9):817-826, 2012 (Open Access).
• Anthony Tsikouras, Jin Ning, Sandy Ng, Rirchard Berman, David W. Andrews, and Qiyin Fang, “Streak camera crosstalk reduction using a multiple delay optical fiber bundle,” Optics Letters 37(2): 250-252, 2012. (PDF)

• N. Shalaby, A. Al-Ebraheem, D. Le, S. Cornacchi, Q. Fang, T. Farrell, P. Lovrics, G. Gohla, S. Reid, N. Hodgson, M. Farquharson, “Time-Resolved Fluorescence (TRF) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) for Margin Analysis in Breast Cancer,” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine,50(3):236–245, 2018 (PDF)
• Zhaojun Nie, Shu-Chi Allison Yeh, Michelle LePalud, Fares Badr, Frances Tse, David Armstrong, Louis W. C. Liu, M. Jamal Deen, and Qiyin Fang, “Optical Biopsy of the Upper GI Tract Using Fluorescence Lifetime and Spectra,” Frontiers in Physiology, 11:339, 2020, doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00339| (open access online)
• Vinh Nguyen Du Le, John Provias, Naresh Murty, Michael S. Patterson, Zhaojun Nie, Joseph E. Hayward, Thomas J. Farrell, William McMillan, Wenbin Zhang, Qiyin Fang, “Dual-modality optical biopsy of glioblastomas multiforme with diffuse reflectance and fluorescence: ex vivo retrieval of optical properties,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(2):027002, 2017; (PDF)
• Zhaojun Nie, Vinh Nguyen Du Le ; Derek Cappon ; John Provias ; Naresh Murty ; Joseph E. Hayward ; Thomas J. Farrell ; Michael S. Patterson ; William McMillan ; Qiyin Fang, “Integrated Time-Resolved Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Instrument for Intraoperative Detection of Brain Tumor Margin,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 22(3): 6802109, 2016 (PDF)
• R. Liu, Z. Zhao, L. Zou, Q. Fang, L. Chen, A. Argento, J. F. Lo, “Compact, non-invasive frequency domain lifetime differentiation of collagens and elastin,” Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 219(8): 289-293, 2015 (PDF)
• Shu-Chi Allison Yeh, Michael S. Patterson, Joseph E. Hayward, and Qiyin Fang, “Time-resolved fluorescence in photodynamic therapy,” Photonics, 1(4): 530-564, 2014 (Open Access)
• Zhaojun Nie, Ran An, Joseph E. Hayward, Thomas J. Farrell, Qiyin Fang, “Hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime imaging for optical biopsy,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 18 (9):096001, 2013, doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.18.9.096001, (PDF)
• Regina Won Kay Leung, Shu-Chi Allison Yeh, and Qiyin Fang, “Effects of incomplete decay in fluorescence lifetime estimation,” Biomedical Optics Express 2(9):2517–2531, 2011. (PDF)
• P. V. Butte, Q. Fang, J. A. Jo, W. H. Yong, B. K. Pikul, K. L. Black, and L. Marcu, Intraoperative delineation of primary brain tumors using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, 15: 027008, 2010 (PDF)
• J. F. Lo, P. Butte, Q. Fang, S. J. Chen, T. Papaioannou, E. S. Kim, M. Gundersen, L. Marcu, “Multilayered MOEMS tunable spectrometer for fluorescence lifetime detection,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 20(7):486-488, 2010. (PDF)
• Y. Yuan, J-Y. Hwang, M. Krishnamoorthy, J. Ning, Y. Zhang, K. Ye, R. C. Wang, M. J. Deen, Q. Fang, “A high throughput AOTF-based time-resolved fluorescence spectrometer for optical biopsy,” Optics Letters, 34(7): 1132-1134, 2009. (PDF)
  
• L. Marcu, J. A. Jo, Q. Fang, T. Papaioannou, T. Reil, J-H. Qiao, J. D. Baker, J. A. Freischlag, M. C. Fishbein, “Detection of Rupture-Prone Atherosclerotic Plaques by Time-Resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy,” Atherosclerosis, Vol. 204(1): 156-164, 2009. (PDF)
• Ye Yuan, Thanassis Papaioannou, Qiyin Fang, “Single shot acquisition of time-resolved fluorescence spectra using a multiple delay optical fiber bundle,” Optics Letters, 33(8): 791-793, 2008. (PDF)
• J. A. Russell, K. R. Diamond, T. Collins, H. F. Tiedje, J. E. Hayward, T. J. Farrell, M. S. Patterson, Q. Fang, “Characterization of Fluorescence Lifetime of Photofrin and Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Protoporphyrin IX in Living Cells using Single and Two-photon Excitation,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 14(1): 158-166, 2008. (PDF)
• J. A. Jo, L. Marcu, Q. Fang, T. Papaioannou, J. H. Qiao, M. C. Fishbein, B. Beseth, A. H. Dorafshar, T. Reil, D. Baker, J. Freischlag, “New Methods for Time-resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Data Analysis Based on the Laguerre Expansion Technique Applications in Tissue Diagnosis,” Methods of Information in Medicine, Vol. 46(2): 206-211, 2007. (PDF)
• J. A. Jo, Q. Fang, T. Papaioannou, J. D. Baker, A. H. Dorafshar, T. Reil, J. H. Qiao, M. C. Fishbein, J. A. Freischlag, L. Marcu; “Laguerre-based method for analysis of time-resolved fluorescence data: application to in-vivo characterization and diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 11 (2): 021004, 2006 (PDF)
• W. H. Yong, P. V. Butte, B. K. Pikul, J. A. Jo, Q. Fang, T. Papaioannou, K. L. Black, and L. Marcu, “Distinction of brain tissue, low grade and high grade glioma with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy,” Frontiers in Biosciences, Vol. 11: 1255-1263, 2006. (PDF)
• J. A. Jo, Q. Fang, L. Marcu, “Ultrafast method for the analysis of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data based on the Laguerre expansion technique,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 11(4): 835-845, 2005. (PDF)
• L. Marcu, Q. Fang, J. A. Jo, T. Papaioannou, A. Dorafshar, T. Reil, J.H. Qiao, D. Baker, J. A. Freischlag M. C. Fishbein,. In-Vivo Detection of Macrophages in a Rabbit Atherosclerotic Model by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Atherosclerosis, Vol. 181(2): 295-303, 2005. (PDF)
• Q. Fang, T. Papaioannou, J. Jo, R. Vaitha, K. Shastry, and L. Marcu, “Time-domain laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy apparatus for clinical diagnostics,” Review of Scientific Instrument, Vol. 75(1): 151-162, 2004. (PDF)
• J. A. Jo, Q. Fang, T. Papaioannou, and L. Marcu, “Fast model-free deconvolution of fluorescence decay for analysis of biological systems,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 9(4):743-752, 2004. (PDF)
• T. Papaioannou, N. Preyer, Q. Fang, M. Carnohan, R. Ross, A. Brightwell, G. Cottone, L. Jones, and L. Marcu, “Effects of fiber-optic probe design and probe-to-target distance on diffuse reflectance measurements of turbid media: an experimental and computational study at 337 nm,” Applied Optics, Vol. 43(14): 2846-2860, 2004. (PDF)

• Eric Mahoney, Jessica Kun, Marek Smieja, Qiyin Fang, “Review—Point-of-Care Urinalysis with Emerging Sensing and Imaging Technologies,” Journal of Electrochemical Society, 167(3): 037518, 2020, doi.org/10.1149/2.0182003JES (Open Access)
• Jessica Kun, Marek Smieja, Bo Xiong, Leyla Soleymani, Qiyin Fang, “The Use of Motion Analysis as Particle Biomarkers in Lensless Optofluidic Projection Imaging for Point of Care Urine Analysis,” Sci Rep 9, 17255, 2019, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53477-8 (online)
• Sinead Dufour, Donna Fedorkow, Jessica Kun, Shirley S.X. Deng, & Qiyin Fang, “Exploring the Impact of a Mobile Health Solution for Postpartum Pelvic Floor Muscle Training: Pilot Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study.” JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 7(7): e12587, 2019, doi.org/10.2196/12587 (online)
• Henry Y.-H. Siu, B. Delleman, J. Langevin, Dee Mangin, Michelle Howard, Qiyin Fang, David Price, David Chan, “Demonstrating a Technology-Mediated Intervention to Support Medication Adherence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Primary Care: A Feasibility Study.” Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 5:1-11, 2019, doi.org/10.1177/2333721419845179 (online)

• Bo Xiong, Eric Mahoney, Joe F. Lo, Qiyin Fang, “A Frequency-domain optofluidic dissolved oxygen sensor with total internal reflection design for in situ monitoring”, IEEE Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 27(4):1-7 2021, doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2020.2997810 (Preprint PDF)
• Eric James Mahoney, Bo Xiong, and Qiyin Fang, “Optical model of light propagation in total internal reflection fluorescence sensors,” Applied Optics 59(34):10651-10660, 2020, doi:10.1364/AO.404112 (online)
• Bo Xiong, Qiyin Fang, “Luminescence lifetime imaging using a cellphone camera with an electronic rolling shutter”, Optics Letters, 45(1): 81-84, 2020, doi.org/10.1364/OL.45.000081 (Online)
• Eric Mahoney, Jessica Kun, Marek Smieja, Qiyin Fang, “Review—Point-of-Care Urinalysis with Emerging Sensing and Imaging Technologies,” Journal of Electrochemical Society, 167(3): 037518, 2020, doi.org/10.1149/2.0182003JES (Open Access)
• Eric Mahoney, Huan-Huan Hsu, Fei Du, Bo Xiong, P. Ravi Selvaganapathy, and Qiyin Fang, “Optofluidic Dissolved Oxygen Sensing With Sensitivity Enhancement Through Multiple Reflections,” IEEE Sensors 19(22): 10452-10460, 2019, doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2019.2932414 (online)
• Eric Mahoney, Colleen Chau, Qiyin Fang, “Experiential learning of data acquisition and sensor networks with a cloud computing platform,” Proc. SPIE 11143, Fifteenth Conference on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics: ETOP 2019, 111433X, 2 July 2019 (online);
• S. C. Goh, Y. Luan, X.g Wang, H. Du, C. Chau, H. E. Schellhorn, J. L. Brash, H. Chen, and Q. Fang, “Polydopamine-polyethylene glycol-albumin antifouling coatings on multiple substrates,” Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 6, 940-949, 2018 (Online)
• Christina M. Gabardo, Robert C. Adams-McGavin, Barnabas C. Fung, Eric J. Mahoney, Qiyin Fang, Leyla Soleymani, “Rapid prototyping of all-solution-processed multi-lengthscale electrodes using polymer-induced thin film wrinkling,” Scientific Reports 7, 42543, 2017. (Open Access)
• Yushan Zhang, Benjamin R. Watts, Tianyi Guo, Zhiyi Zhang, Changqing Xu, and Qiyin Fang, “Optofluidic Device Based Microflow Cytometers for Particle/Cell Detection: A Review,” Micromachines 7(4): 70, 2016; doi: 10.3390/mi7040070. (Open Access)
• Tianyi Guo, M. Jamal Deen, C-Q, Xu, Qiyin Fang, P. Ravi Selvaganapathy, Haiying Zhang, “Observation of ultraslow stress release in silicon nitride film on CaF2,” J. of Vacuum Science & Technology A, 33, 041515, 2015 (PDF)
• Tianyi Guo, Yin Wei, Changqing Xu, Benjamin R. Watts, Zhiyi Zhang, Qiyin Fang, Haiying Zhang, P. Ravi Selvaganapathy, and M. Jamal Deen,”Counting of E. Coli by a Micro-flow Cytometer Based on a Photonic-Microfluidic Integrated Device,” Electrophoresis, 36(2): 298-304, 2015 (PDF).
• Leo Hsu, P. Ravi Selvaganapathy, J. Brash, Q. Fang, C-Q. Xu, M. Jamal Deen, and Hong Chen, “Development of a low-cost Hemin-based dissolved oxygen sensor with anti-biofouling coating for water monitoring,” IEEE Sensors, 14(10):3400-3407, 2014 (PDF)
• Zhiyun Li, M. Jamal Deen, Qiyin Fang, and P. R. Selvaganapathy, “Design of a flat field concave-grating-based micro-Raman spectrometer for environmental applications,” Applied Optics, 51(28):6855-6863, 2012 (PDF).
• Munir El-Desouki, Ognian Marinov, M. Jamal Deen, Qiyin Fang, “CMOS Active-Pixel Sensor With In-Situ Memory for Ultrahigh-Speed Imaging,” IEEE Sensors Journal, 11(6): 1375-1379, 2011. (PDF)
  
• Munir El-Desouki, Darek Palubiak, M. Jamal Deen, Qiyin Fang, Ognian Marinov, “A novel, high-dynamic range, high-speed, and high sensitibility CMOS imager using time-domain single-photon counting and avalanche photodiodes,” IEEE Sensors Journal, 11(4): 1078-1083, 2011. (PDF)
• Joe Lo, Shi-Jui Chen, Qiyin Fang, Thanassis Papaioannou, Eun-Sok Kim, Martin Gundersen and Laura Marcu, “Performance of Diaphragmed Microlens for a Packaged Microspectrometer,” Sensors, 9: 859-868, 2009 (PDF)
• Munir El-Desouki, M. Jamal Deen, Qiyin Fang, Louis W. C. Liu, Frances Tse and David Armstrong, “CMOS Image Sensors for High Speed Applications,” Sensors, 9: 430-444, 2009. (PDF)
• N. Faramarzpour, M. M. El-Desouki, M. J. Deen, S. Shirani, Q. Fang, “CMOS photodetector systems for low-level light applications,” Journal of Material Sciences: Materials in Electronics, invited, 20(S1): 87-93, 2009. (PDF)
• N. Faramarzpour, M. J. Deen, S. Shirani and Q. Fang, “Fully Integrated Single Photon Avalanche Diode Detector in Standard CMOS 0.18μm Technology,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 55(3): 760-767, 2008. (PDF)
• N. Faramarzpour, M. M. El-Desouki, M. J. Deen, Q. Fang, S. Shrani and L. W-C. Liu, “CMOS Imaging for Biomedical Applications,” IEEE Potentials, May/June: 31-36, 2008. (PDF)
• N. Faramarzpour, M. J. Deen, S. Shirani, Q. Fang, L. W. C. Liu, F. Campos, and J. W. Swart, “CMOS based active pixel for low-light-level detection: analysis and measurements,” IEEE Transactions on Elec-tron Devices, 54(12): 3229-3237, 2007. (PDF)
• J. F. Lo, Q. Fang, L. Marcu and E. S. Kim, “Wafer-level packaging of three-dimensional MOEMS device with lens diaphragm,” IEEE International Conference on Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Jan. 21-25, 2007, Japan. (PDF)

• Samir Sahli, Roy, C. C. Wang, Aparna Murthy, David Armstrong, M. Jamal Deen, and Qiyin Fang, “a 360 degree side view endoscope for lower GI tract mapping,” Physics in Canada, 75(1): 18-20, 2015
• Shu-Chi Allison Yeh, Celine S.N. Ling, David W. Andrews, Michael S. Patterson, Kevin R. Diamond, Joseph E. Hayward, David Armstrong, and Qiyin Fang, “5-aminolevulinic acid for quantitative seek-and-treat of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus cellular models,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, 20(2):028002, 2015 (PDF).
• Shu-Chi Allison Yeh, Samir Sahli, David W. Andrews, Michael S. Patterson, David Armstrong, John Provias, and Qiyin Fang, “5-aminolevulinic acid induced protoporphyrin IX as a fluorescence marker for quantitative image analysis of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus cellular models,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, 20(2):028002, 2015 (PDF).
• Roy Chih Chung Wang, M. Jamal Deen, David Armstrong, and Qiyin Fang, “development of a catadioptric endoscope objective with forward and side views,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, 16(6):066015, 2011. (PDF)
• M. Kfouri, O. Marinov, P. Quevedo, N. Faramarzpour, S. Shirani, L. W-C. Liu, Q. Fang, M. J. Deen, “Towards a Miniaturized Wireless Fluorescence-Based Diagnostic Imaging System,” IEEE Journal of Se-lected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 14(1): 226-234, 2008. (PDF)

• Ramy Abdlaty, Lilian Doerwald-Munoz, Joseph Hayward, Thomas Farrell, Qiyin Fang, “Hyperspectral imaging assessment for radiotherapy induced skin-erythema: Pilot study,”, Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 33: 102195, 2021, doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102195 (online)
• Ramy Abdlaty, Joseph Hayward, Thomas Farrell, Qiyin Fang, “Skin erythema and pigmentation: a review of optical assessment techniques”, Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 33: 102127, 2021, (online)
• Mostafa Yakout, Ian Phillips, M.A. Elbestawi, Qiyin Fang, “In-situ monitoring and detection of spatter agglomeration and delamination during laser-based powder bed fusion of Invar 36,” Optics & Laser Technology, 136, 106741, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106741. (Online)
• Le V. N. Du, Manser Myla, Gurm Sunny, Wagner Ben, Hayward Joseph E., Fang Qiyin, “Calibration of Spectral Imaging Devices With Oxygenation-Controlled Phantoms: Introducing a Simple Gel-Based Hemoglobin Model,” Frontiers in Physics, 7: 192, 2019, DOI=10.3389/fphy.2019.00192 (Online)
• Ramy Abdlaty, Lilian Doerwald-Munoz, Ali Madooei, Samir Sahli, Shu-Chi Allison Yeh, Josiane Zerubia, Raimond K. W. Wong, Joseph E.Hayward, Thomas J. Farrell, Qiyin Fang, “Hyperspectral Imaging and Classification for Grading Skin Erythema,” Frontiers in Physics, 6, 72, 2018, DOI:10.3389/fphy.2018.00072(Open access)
• R. Abdlaty, J. Orepoulos, P. Sinclair, R. Berman, and Q. Fang, “High throughput AOTF hyperspectral imager for randomly polarized light,” Photonics, invited paper, 5(1), 3, 2018 (Open Access)
• Derek J. Cappon, Thomas J. Farrell, Qiyin Fang, and Joseph E. Hayward, “Distortion correction and cross-talk compensation algorithm for use with an imaging spectrometer based spatially resolved diffuse reflectance system,” Review of Scientific Instruments, 87(2):123112, 2016 (PDF)
• Vinh Nguyen Du Le, Michael S. Patterson, Thomas J. Farrell, Joseph E. Hayward, Qiyin Fang, “Experimental recovery of intrinsic fluorescence and fluorophore concentration in the presence of hemoglobin: spectral effect of scattering and absorption on fluorescence,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 20(12), 127003, 2015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.20.12.127003, (PDF)
• Vinh Nguyen Du Le, Zhaojun Nie, Joseph E. Hayward, Thomas J. Farrell, and Qiyin Fang, “Measurements of extrinsic fluorescence in Intralipid and polystyrene microspheres,” Biomedical Optics Express, 5(8): 2726-2735 (Open Access)
• Derek J. Cappon, Thomas J. Farrell, Qiyin Fang, Joseph E. Hayward, “A Novel Fibre Optic Probe Design and Optical Property Recovery Algorithm for Optical Biopsy of Brain Tissue,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 18(10):107004, 2013 (PDF)

• Fahad Aljekhedab, Wenbin Zhang, Harold K. Haugen, Gregory R. Wohl, Munir M. El-Desouki, Qiyin Fang, “Influence of environmental conditions in bovine bone ablation by ultrafast laser,” Journal of Biophotonics, 12(6): e201800293, 2019; doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201800293(online)
• Ran An; Ghadeer W. Khadar; Emilia I. Wilk; Brent Emigh; Harold K. Haugen; Gregory R. Wohl; Brett Dunlop; Mehran Anvari; Joseph E. Hayward; Qiyin Fang, “Ultrafast laser ablation and machining large-size structures on porcine bone,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 18 (7):070504, 2013, doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.18.7.070504, (Open Access)
• Brent Emigh, Ran An, Eugene M. Hsu, Travis H. R. Crawford, Harold K. Haugen, Gregory R. Wohl, Joseph E. Hayward, and Qiyin Fang, “Porcine cortical bone ablation by ultrafast pulsed laser irradiation,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, 17(2):028001, 2012 (PDF)
• Q. Fang and X. H. Hu, “Modeling of skin-tissue ablation by nanoseconds laser pulses from ultra violet to near-inferred and comparison with experimental results,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol.40(1): 69-77, 2004. (PDF)