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group_5_presentation_3_-_seasonal_affective_disorder_sad [2017/04/07 17:09] shamia4 |
group_5_presentation_3_-_seasonal_affective_disorder_sad [2018/01/25 15:18] (current) |
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| ===== Risk Factors ===== | ===== Risk Factors ===== | ||
| - | <box 58% round right | > {{:sad_map.jpg|}} </box|Figure 1: Map of areas affected by SAD. Between the 30th parallels (yellow area), there is little to know winter depression. Beyond the 30th parallels, the rates of SAD increase to towards the poles.(Scientific American Mind, Vol16, No.3, 2005).> | + | <box 48% round right | > {{:sad_map.jpg|}} </box|Figure 1: Map of areas affected by SAD. Between the 30th parallels (yellow area), there is little to know winter depression. Beyond the 30th parallels, the rates of SAD increase to towards the poles.(Scientific American Mind, Vol16, No.3, 2005).> |
| - | + | People who live in areas further away from the equator experience a greater risk of developing SAD especially those in the northern latitudes as shown in Figure 1. In the United States, SAD occurs in about 1% of the population but rises to about 9% in people living in Alaska (Horowitz,, 2008).. Those who have limited exposure to sunlight in their workplace such as those who do shift work face a greater risk of SAD (Melrose, 2015). Individuals who move from southern latitudes to northern areas face an increased risk of SAD development. Researchers in Maine used SPAQ, and the Beck Depression Inventory study the incidence rate of SAD and S-SAD in 76 college students. SAD rates were found to be 13.2%, and researchers speculated that the students who had moved to Maine from lower latitudes were more likely to experience winter depression compared to those who were native to New England (Low & Fessiner, 1998). | |
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| - | People who live in areas further away from the equator experience a greater risk of developing SAD (, especially those in the northern latitudes as shown in Figure 1. In the United States, SAD occurs in about 1% of the population but rises to about 9% in people living in Alaska (Horowitz,, 2008).. Those who have limited exposure to sunlight in their workplace such as those who do shift work face a greater risk of SAD (Melrose, 2015). Individuals who move from southern latitudes to northern areas face an increased risk of SAD development. Researchers in Maine used SPAQ, and the Beck Depression Inventory study the incidence rate of SAD and S-SAD in 76 college students. SAD rates were found to be 13.2%, and researchers speculated that the students who had moved to Maine from lower latitudes were more likely to experience winter depression compared to those who were native to New England (Low & Fessiner, 1998). | + | |
| Miller (2005) described the idea of a latitude theory to explain the incidence of SAD. The theory asserts that reduced sunlight exposure in the winter months in northern climates increases an individual’s risk of SAD. However, Magnusson and Axelsson discerned that Icelandic people possibly had a genetic adaptation to low light in winter. The prevalence of SAD in native Icelandic and Canadian Icelandic individuals was found to be less than other populations (Magnusson & Axelsson, 1993). | Miller (2005) described the idea of a latitude theory to explain the incidence of SAD. The theory asserts that reduced sunlight exposure in the winter months in northern climates increases an individual’s risk of SAD. However, Magnusson and Axelsson discerned that Icelandic people possibly had a genetic adaptation to low light in winter. The prevalence of SAD in native Icelandic and Canadian Icelandic individuals was found to be less than other populations (Magnusson & Axelsson, 1993). | ||
| - | SAD typically occurs more frequently in individuals who have relatives who have experienced SAD. Thus A study by Madden et al. (1996) found that in 3, 331 Australian twins, genetic effects were involved in 29& of the observed variance in seasonality. SAD is seen more often in younger adults as the estimated onset is thought to be between the ages of 18 and 30 years (Melrose, 2015). | + | SAD typically occurs more frequently in individuals who have relatives who have experienced SAD. Thus a study by Madden et al. (1996) found that in 3, 331 Australian twins, genetic effects were involved in 29 of the observed variance in seasonality. SAD is seen more often in younger adults as the estimated onset is thought to be between the ages of 18 and 30 years (Melrose, 2015). |
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| - | <box width classes round white centre| **SAD Rates Amongst Icelandic Natives and Americans**> {{:sadrate.jpg|}}</box| Figure 3: SAD rates are significantly lower in Icelandic native populations (those living in Iceland and those who emigrated to Canada) compared to those along the east coast of the United States. The population living in Sarasota, Florida serves as a control. (Magnusson & Axelsson, 1993)> | + | <box width classes round white centre| **SAD Rates Amongst Icelandic Natives and Americans**> {{:sadrate.jpg|}}</box| Figure 4: SAD rates are significantly lower in Icelandic native populations (those living in Iceland and those who emigrated to Canada) compared to those along the east coast of the United States. The population living in Sarasota, Florida serves as a control. (Magnusson & Axelsson, 1993)> |
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| - | ===== Overview of Seasonal Affective Disorder ===== | + | ===== Overview of Seasonal Affective Disorder ===== |
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| - | {{youtube>large:7z3jXX81WA8}} | + | |
| [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7z3jXX81WA8]] | [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7z3jXX81WA8]] | ||
