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group_5_presentation_2_-_alzheimers [2018/11/04 18:15] chuj19 [Future Therapeutics] |
group_5_presentation_2_-_alzheimers [2018/11/04 18:27] (current) chuj19 [Alzheimer's Disease] |
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| ======= Alzheimer's Disease ======= | ======= Alzheimer's Disease ======= | ||
| + | {{ :alzheimer-disease.jpg?direct&600 |}} | ||
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| An individual who has AD requires attention from health professionals as patients who have severe AD may experience more behavioural and psychological symptoms. For example, monitoring can include assessing the function, cognition, and nutritional status from frequent visits to family physicians (Herrmann and Gauthier, 2008). Patients with AD may have increased agitation, aggression, and motor restlessness. It is important that caregivers to recognize further distress and provide quality life for the patient, maintain optimal function, and provide maximum comfort (Herrmann and Gauthier, 2008.) Furthermore, evaluating treatment and providing continuous and guidance to the patient as well as the caregiver is extremely important. (Waldemar et al., 2007). Evaluating medication effects and treatments requires both the cooperation from the caregiver as well as physician (Waldemar et al., 2007). | An individual who has AD requires attention from health professionals as patients who have severe AD may experience more behavioural and psychological symptoms. For example, monitoring can include assessing the function, cognition, and nutritional status from frequent visits to family physicians (Herrmann and Gauthier, 2008). Patients with AD may have increased agitation, aggression, and motor restlessness. It is important that caregivers to recognize further distress and provide quality life for the patient, maintain optimal function, and provide maximum comfort (Herrmann and Gauthier, 2008.) Furthermore, evaluating treatment and providing continuous and guidance to the patient as well as the caregiver is extremely important. (Waldemar et al., 2007). Evaluating medication effects and treatments requires both the cooperation from the caregiver as well as physician (Waldemar et al., 2007). | ||
| - | ====== Conclusion and Future Therapeutics ===== | + | ====== Future Therapeutics ===== |
| ==== Aducanumab Targeting Beta-amyloid Protein ==== | ==== Aducanumab Targeting Beta-amyloid Protein ==== | ||
| - | According to the alzheimer’s association, there are currently many targets and studies being conducted to prevent AD. Beta-amyloid is present in those who have Alzheimer’s by the two enzymes beta-secretase and gamma-secretase which ultimately forms the beta-amyloid protein (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018). Aducanumab, also known as BIIB037, tries to target the aggregated forms of beta-amyloid that can eventually develop into the amyloid plaque. This antibody was derived by a biotech company in Switzerland and has passed its phase 1, 2, and is currently in phase 3 (Alzforum, 2018). A one-year data for the 6 mg/kg dose of aducanumab showed significant reduction in brain amyloid levels and therefore a study consisting of the phase 3 trials objective is to evaluate how effective doses of aducanumab is in individuals with AD (Alzforum, 2018). This is currently conducted within around 1605 participants with a dosages of monthly intravenous infusions. Furthermore, this drug is still in the research and is not released to the public. This study has started in September 30, 2015, and is expected to be completed by April 30, 2022 (National Library of Medicine, 2018). | + | According to the Alzheimer’s Association, there are currently many targets and studies being conducted to prevent AD. Beta-amyloid is present in those who have Alzheimer’s by the two enzymes beta-secretase and gamma-secretase which ultimately forms the beta-amyloid protein (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018). Aducanumab, also known as BIIB037, tries to target the aggregated forms of beta-amyloid that can eventually develop into the amyloid plaque. This antibody was derived by a biotech company in Switzerland and has passed its phase 1, 2, and is currently in phase 3 (Alzforum, 2018). A one-year data for the 6 mg/kg dose of aducanumab showed significant reduction in brain amyloid levels and therefore a study consisting of the phase 3 trials objective is to evaluate how effective doses of aducanumab is in individuals with AD (Alzforum, 2018). This is currently conducted within around 1605 participants with a dosages of monthly intravenous infusions. Furthermore, this drug is still in the research and is not released to the public. This study has started in September 30, 2015, and is expected to be completed by April 30, 2022 (National Library of Medicine, 2018). |
| ==== AADvac1 Targeting Tau Protein ==== | ==== AADvac1 Targeting Tau Protein ==== | ||
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| {{ :375px-pdb_1i8h_ebi.jpg?direct&300 |}} Figure 6: Picture of the tau protein structure. | {{ :375px-pdb_1i8h_ebi.jpg?direct&300 |}} Figure 6: Picture of the tau protein structure. | ||
| + | ====== Conclusion ====== | ||
| + | Although there currently is not a definite cure for Alzheimer's disease, current research such as Aducanumab and AADvac1 shows promising progression with research. Furthermore, other research focusing on the inflammation of the brain with the disease is also being researched and will hopefully pass the trials so patients are able to use the drug. There are also many preventive ways described within the 4 pillars of Alzheimer's Prevention and the management of the patient is just as important. | ||
| ====== References ====== | ====== References ====== | ||
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| Alzheimer's Disease. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.saintlukeskc.org/condition/alzheimers-disease | Alzheimer's Disease. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.saintlukeskc.org/condition/alzheimers-disease | ||
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| + | Alzheimer's Disease: Symptoms and Care | Emed Multi Specialty Group. (2018, May 07). Retrieved from https://emedmultispecialtygroup.com/2018/03/20/alzheimers-disease-symptoms-care/ | ||
| Alzheimer's Prevention. (2018). Alzheimer's Prevention through Diet and Supplements, Stress Management, Exercise, and Spiritual Fitness. [online] Available at: http://alzheimersprevention.org/4-pillars-of-prevention/ [Accessed 30 Oct. 2018]. | Alzheimer's Prevention. (2018). Alzheimer's Prevention through Diet and Supplements, Stress Management, Exercise, and Spiritual Fitness. [online] Available at: http://alzheimersprevention.org/4-pillars-of-prevention/ [Accessed 30 Oct. 2018]. | ||
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| Wisniewski, T., Castano, E. M., Golabek, A., Vogel, T., & Frangione, B. (1994). Acceleration of Alzheimer's fibril formation by apolipoprotein E in vitro. The American journal of pathology, 145(5), 1030. | Wisniewski, T., Castano, E. M., Golabek, A., Vogel, T., & Frangione, B. (1994). Acceleration of Alzheimer's fibril formation by apolipoprotein E in vitro. The American journal of pathology, 145(5), 1030. | ||
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