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group_5_presentation_1_-_type_1_diabetes [2016/01/30 00:00] khanm47 |
group_5_presentation_1_-_type_1_diabetes [2018/01/25 15:18] (current) |
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| Decreased insulin production causes an increase in blood glucose levels. For this reason, fat and muscle cells are deprived of glucose for energy. In a healthy person, the insulin is produced by special cells known as beta cells. They allow for these sugars to be moved by other cells. But in a Type 1 diabetic individual, the body’s defense cells attack these beta cells and destroy them (Alberti, G., & Zimmet, 1998). When attacked, the body suffers making it unable for the individual to properly intake glucose, affecting their eating choices. Additionally, without the presence of insulin, the body will allow glucose to build up to unsafe amounts instead of being used for energy intake. It is especially hard for younger children since it is one of the most common illnesses faced (Davendra, Liu, & Eisenbarth, 2004). | Decreased insulin production causes an increase in blood glucose levels. For this reason, fat and muscle cells are deprived of glucose for energy. In a healthy person, the insulin is produced by special cells known as beta cells. They allow for these sugars to be moved by other cells. But in a Type 1 diabetic individual, the body’s defense cells attack these beta cells and destroy them (Alberti, G., & Zimmet, 1998). When attacked, the body suffers making it unable for the individual to properly intake glucose, affecting their eating choices. Additionally, without the presence of insulin, the body will allow glucose to build up to unsafe amounts instead of being used for energy intake. It is especially hard for younger children since it is one of the most common illnesses faced (Davendra, Liu, & Eisenbarth, 2004). | ||
| - | <style-left> | ||
| {{ :type-1-diabetes-diagram.jpg?500 }} | {{ :type-1-diabetes-diagram.jpg?500 }} | ||
| **Figure 1**: Pathway of insulin in healthy vs. Diabetic individuals | **Figure 1**: Pathway of insulin in healthy vs. Diabetic individuals | ||
| - | ====== Epidemiology ====== | + | |
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| + | ===== Epidemiology ===== | ||
| Type 1 Diabetes, being an autoimmune disease, is largely considered to be a disorder with a heavy genetic component, inherited through the HLA complex in individuals (Atkinson, Eisenbarth, & Michels, 2014). Even though previous descriptions of the disease show onset in early adulthood, recent studies by Atkinson et al. (2014) show only 50-60% of individuals affected are around 16-18 years of age. Additionally, patterns of Type 1 Diabetes have shown that incidences of Type 1 Diabetes has increased around 2-5% per year on a global scale. Specifically in demographic populations, China is considered to be the country with the lowest incidence rate, followed by the United Kingdom, and Finland with 100 times more cases per year (Daneman, 2006). | Type 1 Diabetes, being an autoimmune disease, is largely considered to be a disorder with a heavy genetic component, inherited through the HLA complex in individuals (Atkinson, Eisenbarth, & Michels, 2014). Even though previous descriptions of the disease show onset in early adulthood, recent studies by Atkinson et al. (2014) show only 50-60% of individuals affected are around 16-18 years of age. Additionally, patterns of Type 1 Diabetes have shown that incidences of Type 1 Diabetes has increased around 2-5% per year on a global scale. Specifically in demographic populations, China is considered to be the country with the lowest incidence rate, followed by the United Kingdom, and Finland with 100 times more cases per year (Daneman, 2006). | ||
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| {{ :epi.jpg?300 }} | {{ :epi.jpg?300 }} | ||
| - | + | **Figure 2**: Type 1 diabetes incidence rates in children vs. adults | |
| - | **Figure 2**: Type 1 diabetes incidence rates in children vs. adults | + | |
| - | </style> | + | |
| ===== Signs and Symptoms ===== | ===== Signs and Symptoms ===== | ||
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| ===== Diagnosis ===== | ===== Diagnosis ===== | ||
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| The complete diagnosis of T1DM is based on your symptoms and blood tests. Blood tests are a measure of blood sugar levels. Higher blood sugar levels coupled with the aforementioned symptoms is an indication of DM. | The complete diagnosis of T1DM is based on your symptoms and blood tests. Blood tests are a measure of blood sugar levels. Higher blood sugar levels coupled with the aforementioned symptoms is an indication of DM. | ||
