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group_5_presentation_1_-_regeneration_stem_cells [2019/02/01 14:32] kingr6 [1. Introduction to Regeneration] |
group_5_presentation_1_-_regeneration_stem_cells [2019/02/01 17:37] (current) smithl12 |
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| Regeneration is a fascinating concept among us humans; the thought of amputated limbs growing back into fully functioning body parts has long been popularized in cartoons and fictional characters. For instance, Piccolo, a character from Dragon Ball Z is popular for its remarkable regenerative capability. | Regeneration is a fascinating concept among us humans; the thought of amputated limbs growing back into fully functioning body parts has long been popularized in cartoons and fictional characters. For instance, Piccolo, a character from Dragon Ball Z is popular for its remarkable regenerative capability. | ||
| + | {{ :dragonball.gif?nolink&300 |}} | ||
| Figure 1. Cartoon character, Piccolo, displaying regeneration. | Figure 1. Cartoon character, Piccolo, displaying regeneration. | ||
| - | Regeneration is the process by which an organism is able to replace or restore lost tissue, organs, limbs or other body structures (King & Newmark, 2012).Interestingly, the phenomena of repair and regeneration are universal, but the capacity for regeneration is a characteristic that varies remarkably among organisms. Certain invertebrates, such as Hydra, possess the ability to regenerate into two genetically identical individuals when cut in half (Bosch, 2007). Amphibians such as Salamanders can readily replace whole body parts (Morrison et al., 2006). Mammals however, are fairly limited in their ability to regenerate. Although the function of a damaged organ may be recovered, most mammals are unable to restore missing body structures (King & Newmark, 2012). The ability to replace lost or damaged organs with new body structures that are genetically and functionally identical to the original, is known as complete regeneration. Incomplete regeneration describes the process by which organ or tissue function may be recovered, but missing or damaged structures cannot be restored (King & Newmark, 2012). | + | Regeneration is the process by which an organism is able to replace or restore lost tissue, organs, limbs, or other body structures (King & Newmark, 2012). Interestingly, the phenomena of repair and regeneration are universal, but the capacity for regeneration is a characteristic that varies remarkably among organisms. Certain invertebrates, such as hydra, possess the ability to regenerate into two genetically identical individuals when cut in half (Bosch, 2007). Amphibians such as salamanders can readily replace whole body parts (Morrison et al., 2006). Mammals however, are fairly limited in their ability to regenerate. Although the function of a damaged organ may be recovered, most mammals are unable to restore missing body structures (King & Newmark, 2012). The ability to replace lost or damaged organs with new body structures that are genetically and functionally identical to the original is known as complete regeneration. Incomplete regeneration describes the process by which organ or tissue function may be recovered, but missing or damaged structures cannot be restored (King & Newmark, 2012). |
| ======2. Defining Key Terms====== | ======2. Defining Key Terms====== | ||
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| ==E. Human Application== | ==E. Human Application== | ||
| - | {{ :salamander.png?nolink |}} | + | {{ :salamander.png?nolink |}} (Heinrich, 2016) |
| The regeneration in model organisms is applicable to humans as scientists can copy or use these ideas as a framework for future research. For example, using this idea of dedifferentiating cells, scientists are able to create induced multipotent stem cells out of fat cells. Through aspirating fat cells with two different solutions, the fat cells can convert back to a less specific state which can be used for wound healing. However, this cannot be used to regrow limbs, but this is a great step in the right direction for regenerative medicine. (Heinrich, 2016) | The regeneration in model organisms is applicable to humans as scientists can copy or use these ideas as a framework for future research. For example, using this idea of dedifferentiating cells, scientists are able to create induced multipotent stem cells out of fat cells. Through aspirating fat cells with two different solutions, the fat cells can convert back to a less specific state which can be used for wound healing. However, this cannot be used to regrow limbs, but this is a great step in the right direction for regenerative medicine. (Heinrich, 2016) | ||
