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group_4_presentation_3_-_concussions [2020/03/25 21:54] hunteh2 |
group_4_presentation_3_-_concussions [2020/03/26 02:11] (current) hunteh2 |
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| ====== Pathogenesis ====== | ====== Pathogenesis ====== | ||
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| + | <WRAP center round box 40% left> | ||
| + | {{ ::screenshot_113_.png?400 |}} | ||
| + | **Figure 3: During injury, neurons release potassium out of the cell body and calcium ions rush into the cell causing metabolic dysfunction.** | ||
| + | </WRAP> | ||
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| Concussions occur with any type of external force to the head, these events cause the brain to accelerate and decelerate with either translational, rotational, and/or angular force. The injury can result through the initial movement of the skull, onto the frontal lobe being stuck inside of the skull (known as contusion). This then leads to the rebound injury to the occipital lobe which results in the stretching and tearing of neurons in the brain stem and throughout the brain. This is a form of deceleration injury in a linear manner. | Concussions occur with any type of external force to the head, these events cause the brain to accelerate and decelerate with either translational, rotational, and/or angular force. The injury can result through the initial movement of the skull, onto the frontal lobe being stuck inside of the skull (known as contusion). This then leads to the rebound injury to the occipital lobe which results in the stretching and tearing of neurons in the brain stem and throughout the brain. This is a form of deceleration injury in a linear manner. | ||
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| <WRAP center round box 30% left> | <WRAP center round box 30% left> | ||
| {{ :screenshot_81_.png?300 |}} | {{ :screenshot_81_.png?300 |}} | ||
| - | **Figure 3: Comparison between a healthy brain on the left and an advanced CTE brain on the right.** | + | **Figure 4: Comparison between a healthy brain on the left and an advanced CTE brain on the right.** |
| </WRAP> | </WRAP> | ||
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| ===== Second impact syndrome ===== | ===== Second impact syndrome ===== | ||
| - | Second impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when the brain swells rapidly after a person suffers a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one has subsided. This second blow may occur minutes, days or weeks after an initial concussion, and even the mildest concussion can lead to SIS. The condition is often fatal, and almost everyone who is not killed is severely disabled. The cause of SIS is uncertain, but it is thought that the brain's arterioles lose their ability to regulate their diameter, and therefore lose control over cerebral blood flow, causing massive cerebral edema (Cantu, 2011). | + | Second Impact Syndrome (SIS) occurs when the brain swells rapidly after a person suffers a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one has subsided. This second blow may occur minutes, days or weeks after an initial concussion, and even the mildest concussion can lead to SIS. The condition is often fatal, and almost everyone who is not killed is severely disabled. The cause of SIS is uncertain, but it is thought that the brain's arterioles lose their ability to regulate their diameter, and therefore lose control over cerebral blood flow, causing massive cerebral edema (Cantu, 2011). |
| ===== Post-concussion syndrome ===== | ===== Post-concussion syndrome ===== | ||
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| <WRAP center round box 30%> | <WRAP center round box 30%> | ||
| {{ :screenshot_95_.png?300 |}} | {{ :screenshot_95_.png?300 |}} | ||
| - | **Figure 4: Rowan Stringer** | + | **Figure 5: Rowan Stringer** |
| </WRAP> | </WRAP> | ||
