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group_4_presentation_1_-_synthetic_antibody_mimics [2016/01/29 19:31] venkaa2 |
group_4_presentation_1_-_synthetic_antibody_mimics [2018/01/25 15:18] (current) |
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| ====== Fighting Against Disease ====== | ====== Fighting Against Disease ====== | ||
| - | ==== A Body's Natural Defenses ==== | + | ==== The Body's Natural Defenses ==== |
| The human body is generally quite effective in targeting and eliminating disease-causing agents (e.g. viruses & bacteria). It accomplishes this via its immune system which has two branches: Innate immune system and Adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is quite general and fights anything foreign in the body immediately. Examples of the innate immune system include physical barriers such as epithelial layers as well as chemical barriers such as mucosal layers and innate infection fighting cells such as macrophages (Parham, 2014). The adaptive immune system is more specific and takes some time to activate; however, it is responsible for clearing those pathogens that are able to evade the innate immune system and infect various cells within the human body. The adaptive immune system is heavily reliant on antibodies. These antibodies are produced by Plasma cells which are B-cells primed by dendritic cells upon contact of infectious pathogen in lymphatic system of the human body (Parham, 2014). | The human body is generally quite effective in targeting and eliminating disease-causing agents (e.g. viruses & bacteria). It accomplishes this via its immune system which has two branches: Innate immune system and Adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is quite general and fights anything foreign in the body immediately. Examples of the innate immune system include physical barriers such as epithelial layers as well as chemical barriers such as mucosal layers and innate infection fighting cells such as macrophages (Parham, 2014). The adaptive immune system is more specific and takes some time to activate; however, it is responsible for clearing those pathogens that are able to evade the innate immune system and infect various cells within the human body. The adaptive immune system is heavily reliant on antibodies. These antibodies are produced by Plasma cells which are B-cells primed by dendritic cells upon contact of infectious pathogen in lymphatic system of the human body (Parham, 2014). | ||
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| {{:crystallized_structure_of_fcgammar1.png|}} | {{:crystallized_structure_of_fcgammar1.png|}} | ||
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| **Figure 5**: Shows the crystallized structure of FcγRI (McEnaney et al., 2014). | **Figure 5**: Shows the crystallized structure of FcγRI (McEnaney et al., 2014). | ||
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| ====== References ====== | ====== References ====== | ||
| - | [1] Bracci, L., Schiavoni, G., Sistigu, A., & Belardelli, F. (2014). Immune-based mechanisms of cytotoxic chemotherapy: implications for the design of novel and rationale-based combined treatments against cancer. Cell Death & Differentiation, 21(1), 15-25. | + | [1] Bracci, L., Schiavoni, G., Sistigu, A., & Belardelli, F. (2014). Immune-based mechanisms of cytotoxic chemotherapy: implications for the design of novel and rationale-based combined treatments against cancer. //Cell Death & Differentiation//, 21(1), 15-25. |
| [2] Brigandi, R. (n.d.). The development of synthetic antibody mimics to improve immunotherapy methods. Retrieved January 26, 2016, from http://www.pitt.edu/~rpb38/wassignment2.html | [2] Brigandi, R. (n.d.). The development of synthetic antibody mimics to improve immunotherapy methods. Retrieved January 26, 2016, from http://www.pitt.edu/~rpb38/wassignment2.html | ||
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| [3] Burke, J. (2015, September 14). Multiple Melanoma: The Antibodies are Coming!. Retrieved from http://www.rockymountaincancercenters.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Monoclonal-antibody1.jpg | [3] Burke, J. (2015, September 14). Multiple Melanoma: The Antibodies are Coming!. Retrieved from http://www.rockymountaincancercenters.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Monoclonal-antibody1.jpg | ||
| - | [4] Chames, P., Van Regenmortel, M., Weiss, E., & Baty, D. (2009). Therapeutic antibodies: successes, limitations and hopes for the future. British journal of pharmacology, 157(2), 220-233. | + | [4] Chames, P., Van Regenmortel, M., Weiss, E., & Baty, D. (2009). Therapeutic antibodies: successes, limitations and hopes for the future. //British journal of pharmacology//, 157(2), 220-233. |
| [5] Chu, A. (2014). Immune System Defenses. 5-9. | [5] Chu, A. (2014). Immune System Defenses. 5-9. | ||
| - | [6] Davis, M.I. (2005). Crystal structure of prostate-specific membrane antigen, a tumor marker and peptidase. RCSB PDB. 102, 5981-5986. | + | [6] Davis, M.I. (2005). Crystal structure of prostate-specific membrane antigen, a tumor marker and peptidase. //RCSB PDB//. 102, 5981-5986. |
| [7] Government of Canada. (2001). How Drugs are reviewed in Canada [fact sheet]. Retrieved from: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodpharma/activit/fs-fi/reviewfs_examenfd- eng.php | [7] Government of Canada. (2001). How Drugs are reviewed in Canada [fact sheet]. Retrieved from: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodpharma/activit/fs-fi/reviewfs_examenfd- eng.php | ||
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| [8] Gray, R. (2015). An immune system in a pill? First synthetic antibodies created that could one day treat cancer and even HIV. Science and Tech. | [8] Gray, R. (2015). An immune system in a pill? First synthetic antibodies created that could one day treat cancer and even HIV. Science and Tech. | ||
| - | [9] Klein, J.S., Gnanapragasam, P. N. P., Galimidi, R. P., Foglesong, C. P., West, A. P., & Bjorkman, P.J. (2008). Examination of the contributions of size and avidity to the neutralization mechanisms of the anti-HIV antibodies b12 and 4E10. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 7385-7390. | + | [9] Klein, J.S., Gnanapragasam, P. N. P., Galimidi, R. P., Foglesong, C. P., West, A. P., & Bjorkman, P.J. (2008). Examination of the contributions of size and avidity to the neutralization mechanisms of the anti-HIV antibodies b12 and 4E10. //Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences//, 106, 7385-7390. |
| - | [10] McEnaney, P. J., Fitzgerald, K. J., Zhang, A. X., Douglass Jr, E. F., Shan, W., Balog, A., … & Spiegel, D. A. (2014). Chemically Synthesized Molecules with the Targeting and Effector Functions of Antibodies. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(52), 18034-18043. | + | [10] McEnaney, P. J., Fitzgerald, K. J., Zhang, A. X., Douglass Jr, E. F., Shan, W., Balog, A., … & Spiegel, D. A. (2014). Chemically Synthesized Molecules with the Targeting and Effector Functions of Antibodies. //Journal of the American Chemical Society//, 136(52), 18034-18043. |
| [11] Parham, P. (2014).The immune system. Garland Science. | [11] Parham, P. (2014).The immune system. Garland Science. | ||
| - | [12] Sharpe, A.H. and Freeman, G.J. (2002). The B7-CD28 Superfamily. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2, 116-126. | + | [12] Sharpe, A.H. and Freeman, G.J. (2002). The B7-CD28 Superfamily. //Nature Reviews Immunology//, 2, 116-126. |
| [13] Shelton, J. (2014). New class of synthetic molecules mimics antibodies. Yale News. Retrieved January 29, 2016, from http://news.yale.edu/2014/12/17/new-class-synthetic-molecules-mimics-antibodies | [13] Shelton, J. (2014). New class of synthetic molecules mimics antibodies. Yale News. Retrieved January 29, 2016, from http://news.yale.edu/2014/12/17/new-class-synthetic-molecules-mimics-antibodies | ||
| - | [14] Weiner, L. M., Surana, R., & Wang, S. (2010). Monoclonal antibodies: versatile platforms for cancer immunotherapy. Nature Reviews Immunology,10(5), 317-327. | + | [14] Weiner, L. M., Surana, R., & Wang, S. (2010). Monoclonal antibodies: versatile platforms for cancer immunotherapy.// Nature Reviews Immunology//,10(5), 317-327. |
| - | [15] Wine, Y. (2013). Molecular deconvolution of the monoclonal antibodies that comprise the polyclonal serum response. PNAS, 110(8), 2993-2998. | + | [15] Wine, Y. (2013). Molecular deconvolution of the monoclonal antibodies that comprise the polyclonal serum response. //PNAS//, 110(8), 2993-2998. |
