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group_4_presentation_1_-_diabetes_mellitus [2018/09/28 20:55] markovif [References] |
group_4_presentation_1_-_diabetes_mellitus [2018/09/29 13:10] (current) shabin [Diabetes Mellitus] |
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| ===== Introduction ===== | ===== Introduction ===== | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (commonly referred to as diabetes) is a group of metabolic disorders caused by defects of insulin secretion. The prevalence of this disease has skyrocketed since the beginning of the 21st century, becoming the seventh most common global cause of death in 2016 (World Health Organization, 2018). This increase is most likely due to the lifestyle shift in North American and European countries. The domination of fast food chains and increased automation in the workplace and streets has lead to a decrease in physical activity and healthy eating habits. | Diabetes mellitus (commonly referred to as diabetes) is a group of metabolic disorders caused by defects of insulin secretion. The prevalence of this disease has skyrocketed since the beginning of the 21st century, becoming the seventh most common global cause of death in 2016 (World Health Organization, 2018). This increase is most likely due to the lifestyle shift in North American and European countries. The domination of fast food chains and increased automation in the workplace and streets has lead to a decrease in physical activity and healthy eating habits. | ||
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| There are four major categories of this disease: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and specialized types of diabetes (Egan and Dinneen, 2014). Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The most common method of destruction being facilitated by the body’s inflammatory response. Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance, which is mediated by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells. Gestational diabetes occurs when the onset of diabetes is during pregnancy. The final major category of diabetes (specialized types) encompasses a large variety of diseases that can be categorized as diabetes but have different onsets and mechanisms from the first three categories. The most common example is maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), which is an inherited form of diabetes and associated with mutations in hepatic genes (Egan and Dinneen, 2014). | There are four major categories of this disease: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and specialized types of diabetes (Egan and Dinneen, 2014). Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The most common method of destruction being facilitated by the body’s inflammatory response. Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance, which is mediated by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells. Gestational diabetes occurs when the onset of diabetes is during pregnancy. The final major category of diabetes (specialized types) encompasses a large variety of diseases that can be categorized as diabetes but have different onsets and mechanisms from the first three categories. The most common example is maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), which is an inherited form of diabetes and associated with mutations in hepatic genes (Egan and Dinneen, 2014). | ||
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| The focus of this wiki page will be on Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, where risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment methods will be discussed. | The focus of this wiki page will be on Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, where risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment methods will be discussed. | ||
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| ===== References ===== | ===== References ===== | ||
| - | American Diabetes Association. (2017, August 28). Diabetes Symptoms. Retrieved September 25, 2018, from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/ | + | American Diabetes Association. (2017). Diabetes Symptoms. Retrieved from: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/ |
| - | Are You at Risk?. Canadian Diabetes Association, Canadian Diabetes Association, 1 Jan. 2018, www.diabetes.ca/about-diabetes/risk-factors/are-you-at-risk. | + | Are You at Risk?. (2018). Canadian Diabetes Association. Retrieved from: www.diabetes.ca/about-diabetes/risk-factors/are-you-at-risk. |
| - | Baynest W. (2015). Classification, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism, 06(05). doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000541 | + | Baynest W. (2015). Classification, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism, 06(05). doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000541 |
| - | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). National diabetes statistics report, 2017. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. | + | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). National diabetes statistics report. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes. (2014). Diabetes Care, 38(Supplement_1), S8-S16. doi: 10.2337/dc15-s005 | Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes. (2014). Diabetes Care, 38(Supplement_1), S8-S16. doi: 10.2337/dc15-s005 | ||
| - | Dean L, McEntyre J. (2004). The Genetic Landscape of Diabetes. Retrieved April 5, 2011 from NCBI. | + | Dean L., McEntyre J. (2004). The Genetic Landscape of Diabetes. Retrieved April 5, 2011 from NCBI. |
| Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. (2009). Diabetes Care, 33(Supplement_1), S62-S69. doi: 10.2337/dc10-s062 | Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. (2009). Diabetes Care, 33(Supplement_1), S62-S69. doi: 10.2337/dc10-s062 | ||
| - | Eckel RH. Metabolic syndrome. In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. New York, | + | Eckel RH. Metabolic syndrome. In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. New York, New York. McGraw-Hill;2008:1509-1514. |
| - | New York. McGraw-Hill;2008:1509-1514. | + | |
| Ega, M., & Dinneen F. (2014). What is diabetes?. Medicine, 42(12), 679-681. | Ega, M., & Dinneen F. (2014). What is diabetes?. Medicine, 42(12), 679-681. | ||
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| Siddiqui A., Siddiqui S., Ahmad S., Siddiqui S., Ahsan I., Sahu k. (2013). Diabetes: Mechanism, Pathophysiology and Management-A Review. Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., 5(2): 1-23. | Siddiqui A., Siddiqui S., Ahmad S., Siddiqui S., Ahsan I., Sahu k. (2013). Diabetes: Mechanism, Pathophysiology and Management-A Review. Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., 5(2): 1-23. | ||
| - | Symptoms & Causes of Diabetes. (2016, November 01). Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes | + | Symptoms & Causes of Diabetes. (2016). Retrieved from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/healthinformation/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes |
| TEDDY Study Group. (2008). The environmental determinants of diabetes in the young (TEDDY) study. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1150, 1-13. | TEDDY Study Group. (2008). The environmental determinants of diabetes in the young (TEDDY) study. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1150, 1-13. | ||
