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group_3_presentation_3_-_biological_basis_of_sexuality [2018/03/30 23:53] rettag [Man-Loving Genes Hypothesis] |
group_3_presentation_3_-_biological_basis_of_sexuality [2018/03/31 15:00] (current) rettag [Biological Basis of Sexuality PowerPoint] |
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| ====== Biological Basis of Sexuality PowerPoint ====== | ====== Biological Basis of Sexuality PowerPoint ====== | ||
| + | {{:biological_basis_of_sexuality_4m03_presentation_3_.pptx|}} | ||
| ====== Overview of Human Sexuality ====== | ====== Overview of Human Sexuality ====== | ||
| Human Sexuality is the way in which we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings. Your awareness of yourself as a female or male is a part of sexuality as well as the capacity to have erotic experiences and responses. Knowledge of gender roles in culture also influences sexuality. Human sexuality is studied by biologists, medical researchers, sociologists and psychologists (Pearson Education, n.d.). All fields make a contribution because sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors. Human sexuality is a central aspect of being human throughout life and encompasses sex, gender identities, gender roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction. Sexuality is both experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships. Sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced or expressed (World Health Organization, 2018). | Human Sexuality is the way in which we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings. Your awareness of yourself as a female or male is a part of sexuality as well as the capacity to have erotic experiences and responses. Knowledge of gender roles in culture also influences sexuality. Human sexuality is studied by biologists, medical researchers, sociologists and psychologists (Pearson Education, n.d.). All fields make a contribution because sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors. Human sexuality is a central aspect of being human throughout life and encompasses sex, gender identities, gender roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction. Sexuality is both experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships. Sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced or expressed (World Health Organization, 2018). | ||
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| <box 45% round | >{{ :chrom_x_8.png?400 |}}</box| Figure 1: Chromosome regions of interest: Xq28 and 8q12 (Sanders et al., 2015).> | <box 45% round | >{{ :chrom_x_8.png?400 |}}</box| Figure 1: Chromosome regions of interest: Xq28 and 8q12 (Sanders et al., 2015).> | ||
| - | A 2015 study by Sanders et al. looked at chromosomes X and 8 (Figure 1) and whether or not they may influence the male phenotypic trait of homosexuality. The study consisted of 351 families, specifically 908 genotyped family members. Of these 908 members, 793 were homosexual brothers, 33 were heterosexual brothers, 49 were mothers and 33 were fathers. Among these individuals, Sanders and colleagues calculated allele frequency estimates using a deCODE genetic mapping system to discover common SNPs among these individuals (Sanders et al., 2015). It was discovered that common SNPs throughout homosexual brothers were found on chromosomes X and 8, specifically regions Xq28 and 8q12 respectively (Figure 1). Therefore, "it is likely that genes contributing to variation in male sexual orientation reside in these regions" (Sanders et al., 2015). It was important in the study to look at the genotype of mothers and fathers, as it was noted that the Xq28 SNPs were more common among mothers than fathers, suggesting a correlation with the Man-loving genes hypothesis (Sanders et al., 2015). | + | A 2015 study by Sanders et al. looked at chromosomes X and 8 and whether or not they may influence the male phenotypic trait of homosexuality. The study consisted of 351 families, specifically 908 genotyped family members. Of these 908 members, 793 were homosexual brothers, 33 were heterosexual brothers, 49 were mothers and 33 were fathers. Among these individuals, Sanders and colleagues calculated allele frequency estimates using a deCODE genetic mapping system to discover common SNPs among these individuals (Sanders et al., 2015). It was discovered that common SNPs throughout homosexual brothers were found on chromosomes X and 8, specifically regions Xq28 and 8q12 respectively (Figure 1). Therefore, "it is likely that genes contributing to variation in male sexual orientation reside in these regions" (Sanders et al., 2015). Figure 2 illustrates the logarithm of odds (LODs), which shows the likelihood of SNPs on a chromosome being inherited together, and the corresponding chromosome. The two chromosomes of interest - chromosomes 8 and 23 (or chromosome X) - show distinct peaks, indicating that the SNPs on the respective chromosomes will be inherited together. It was important in the study to look at the genotype of mothers and fathers, as it was noted that the Xq28 SNPs were more common among mothers than fathers, suggesting a correlation with the Man-loving genes hypothesis and strengthening the association between homosexuality and the X chromosome (Sanders et al., 2015). |
| <box 50% round | >{{ {{ :lod.png?400 |}}</box| Figure 2: LOD values depicting the common SNPs inherited at chromosomes 8 and 23 (Sanders et al., 2015) > | <box 50% round | >{{ {{ :lod.png?400 |}}</box| Figure 2: LOD values depicting the common SNPs inherited at chromosomes 8 and 23 (Sanders et al., 2015) > | ||
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