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group_3_presentation_2_-_postpartum_depression [2018/03/02 21:42] duruf [Postpartum Depression] |
group_3_presentation_2_-_postpartum_depression [2018/03/02 21:47] (current) duruf [Postpartum Psychosis] |
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| ==== Postpartum Depression ==== | ==== Postpartum Depression ==== | ||
| - | PPD easily ranks as one of the most common complication associated with childbirth. It is estimated to occur in one out of every eight women after delivery, that is roughly half a million women in the USA alone with this disorder. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the onset of postpartum depression is believed to occur within four weeks of a prior episode of depression. Scientifically however, researchers rely on the onset of postpartum depression within three months of delivery for the purpose of epidemiological studies. In addition to the symptoms of baby blues women experiencing postpartum depression will display symptoms that interfere with their daily living. These include, lack of joy, sense of emotional numbness and failure, insomnia, severe mood swings. This is considered a more moderate form of depression that affects up to an estimated 10% to 13% of women after childbirth. | + | PPD easily ranks as one of the most common complication associated with childbirth. It is estimated to occur in one out of every eight women after delivery, that is roughly half a million women in the USA alone with this disorder (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the onset of postpartum depression is believed to occur within four weeks of a prior episode of depression. Scientifically however, researchers rely on the onset of postpartum depression within three months of delivery for the purpose of epidemiological studies (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). In addition to the symptoms of baby blues women experiencing postpartum depression will display symptoms that interfere with their daily living. These include, lack of joy, sense of emotional numbness and failure, insomnia, severe mood swings. This is considered a more moderate form of depression that affects up to an estimated 10% to 13% of women after childbirth (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). |
| ==== Postpartum Psychosis ==== | ==== Postpartum Psychosis ==== | ||
| - | A more severe and rare form of PPD is Postpartum psychosis. Postpartum psychosis is believed to be a manifestation of bipolar disorder (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). It is estimated to occur in one to two women per 1000 births within the first two to four weeks after childbirth. Unlike postpartum baby blues and postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis is a psychiatric emergency that requires immediate professional treatment due to severe symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoia, delusions and self-harming thoughts that could potentially result in suicide or infanticide (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006)(Beck, 2006). As a result women with postpartum psychosis must never be left alone, they must be under supervision 24hours of the day as they are a risk to themselves and their babies (Beck, 2006). The leading cause of maternal death up to one year postpartum is suicide and the risk of suicide increases by 70% in women with PP. The prevalence of suicide in women with PP is 2 out of every 1000 and it has been noted that these women often result to more drastic, irreversible and extremely aggressive means such as self incineration and jumping from heights (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). Conversely another study indicated that women without PP generally result to non-violent suicide such as overdosing. With regards to homicidal thoughts, studies have shown that 28%-35% of women hospitalised for PP reported delusions about their infant but only 9% had thoughts of infanticide (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). Although PP is classified by the DSM-IV as a major form of depression, there is mounting evidence that suggests PP is an overt presentation of bipolar disorder after delivery. This can be seen in epidemiological studies where the prevalence of PP after childbirth is 72%-88% for mothers with bipolar disorder and 12% for mothers with schizophrenia (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). Epidemiological studies have calculated the mean age of onset of PP to be 26.3 years, a time when most women have undergone their first or second childbirth (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). | + | A more severe and rare form of PPD is Postpartum psychosis (PPP). Postpartum psychosis is believed to be a manifestation of bipolar disorder (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). It is estimated to occur in one to two women per 1000 births within the first two to four weeks after childbirth. Unlike postpartum baby blues and postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis is a psychiatric emergency that requires immediate professional treatment due to severe symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoia, delusions and self-harming thoughts that could potentially result in suicide or infanticide (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006)(Beck, 2006). As a result women with postpartum psychosis must never be left alone, they must be under supervision 24hours of the day as they are a risk to themselves and their babies (Beck, 2006). The leading cause of maternal death up to one year postpartum is suicide and the risk of suicide increases by 70% in women with PPP. The prevalence of suicide in women with PPP is 2 out of every 1000 and it has been noted that these women often result to more drastic, irreversible and extremely aggressive means such as self incineration and jumping from heights (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). Conversely another study indicated that women without PP generally result to non-violent suicide such as overdosing. With regards to homicidal thoughts, studies have shown that 28%-35% of women hospitalised for PPP reported delusions about their infant but only 9% had thoughts of infanticide (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). Although PPP is classified by the DSM-IV as a major form of depression, there is mounting evidence that suggests PPP is an overt presentation of bipolar disorder after delivery. This can be seen in epidemiological studies where the prevalence of PPP after childbirth is 72%-88% for mothers with bipolar disorder and 12% for mothers with schizophrenia (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). Epidemiological studies have calculated the mean age of onset of PP to be 26.3 years, a time when most women have undergone their first or second childbirth (Sit, Rothschild and Wisner, 2006). |
