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| ====== Other Types of Treatment ====== | ====== Other Types of Treatment ====== | ||
| - | * There are generally five categories of treatment for patients that have FASD, including: medical care, medication, behaviour and education therapy, parent training, and alternative approaches. | ||
| + | ===== Introduction ===== | ||
| + | <style justify> | ||
| + | Similar to many other disorders those with FASD will be affected very differently thus treatments will have to be very specific to that person. Therefore, a treatment that may have worked for one patient with FASD may not necessarily work for another patient. As of today, there is still no treatment that will cure FASD however, through research it has been found that early intervention treatment services can help with a child’s improvement in development.<sup>[22]</sup> Early intervention services, such as therapy, are designed to help children at risk or with FASD from birth to 3 years of age, to help the child speak, walk, and interact with others.<sup>[23]</sup> | ||
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| + | </style> | ||
| + | ===== Protective Factors ===== | ||
| + | <style justify> | ||
| + | Through studies it has been shown that there are protective factors which help to reduce the effects of FASD and also allow those affected by FASD to reach their full potential.<sup>[22]</sup> These factors include: | ||
| + | * early diagnosis | ||
| + | * involvement in special education and social services | ||
| + | * having a loving, nurturing, and stable home environment | ||
| + | * absence of violence | ||
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| + | All of these factors provide benefits such as: being able to better understand the child, allowing the child and their family to have more positive experiences, and prevent the child from developing secondary conditions (e.g. criminal behaviour, lack of education, and unemployment).<sup>[22]</sup> | ||
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| + | * There are generally five categories of treatment for patients that have FASD, including: medical care, medication, behaviour and education therapy, parent training, and alternative approaches.<sup>[22]</sup> | ||
| + | </style> | ||
| ===== Behaviour and Education Therapy ===== | ===== Behaviour and Education Therapy ===== | ||
| - | * Good Buddies: an intervention that uses a group setting to teach children with FASD appropriate social skills for their age group. | + | * Good Buddies: an intervention that uses a group setting to teach children with FASD appropriate social skills for their age group.<sup>[23]</sup> |
| - | * Families Moving Forward (FMF): an intervention intended to provide support for children displaying more severe and significant behaviour problems. | + | * Families Moving Forward (FMF): an intervention intended to provide support for children displaying more severe and significant behaviour problems.<sup>[24]</sup> |
| - | * Math Interactive Learning Experience (MILE): an intervention that helps to improve the child’s mathematical knowledge and skills because it is a consistently reported deficit of children with FASD. | + | * Math Interactive Learning Experience (MILE): an intervention that helps to improve the child’s mathematical knowledge and skills because it is a consistently reported deficit of children with FASD.<sup>[25]</sup> |
| - | * Parents and Children Together (PACT): an intervention that focuses on improving behaviour regulation and executive functions which include planning, organizing, and understanding. | + | * Parents and Children Together (PACT): an intervention that focuses on improving behaviour regulation and executive functions which include planning, organizing, and understanding.<sup>[26]</sup> |
| - | * Although there are multiple therapies these have been scientifically studied and have been effective in children. | + | |
| + | Although there are multiple therapies these have been scientifically studied and have been effective in children. | ||
| ===== Parent Training ===== | ===== Parent Training ===== | ||
| - | * This is often a program offered by therapists to educate parents about their child’s disability and providing different approaches to interact, engage, and teach their children. | + | * This is often a program offered by therapists to educate parents about their child’s disability and providing different approaches to interact, engage, and teach their children.<sup>[22]</sup> |
| - | * Some tips include: concentrating on the child’s strength, being consistent with everything, and accepting the child’s limitations. | + | * Some tips include: concentrating on the child’s strength, being consistent with everything, and accepting the child’s limitations.<sup>[22]</sup> |
| ===== Alternative Approaches ===== | ===== Alternative Approaches ===== | ||
| - | These are untested therapies that are also provided to assist with FASD. | + | These are untested therapies that are also provided to assist with FASD.<sup>[22]</sup> |
| * Biofeedback | * Biofeedback | ||
| * Auditory Training | * Auditory Training | ||
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| [21] Wozniak, J. R., Fuglestad, A. J., Eckerle, J. K., Fink, B. A., Hoecker, H. L., Boys, C. J., ... & Zeisel, S. H. (2015). Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 102(5), 1113-1125. | [21] Wozniak, J. R., Fuglestad, A. J., Eckerle, J. K., Fink, B. A., Hoecker, H. L., Boys, C. J., ... & Zeisel, S. H. (2015). Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 102(5), 1113-1125. | ||
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| + | [22] CDC. (2016, October 04). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/treatments.html | ||
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| + | [23] O’Connor MJ, Frankel F, Paley B, et al. A controlled social skills training for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006;74(4):639–648. | ||
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| + | [24] Carmichael Olson H, Leavitt S. Families Moving Forward. Platform Presentation on October 23, 2010. FASD Fall Conference at Emory University, Atlanta, GA | ||
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| + | [25] Kable JA,Coles CD,Taddeo E. Socio-cognitive habilitation using the math interactive learning experience program for alcohol affected children. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007; 31: 1425-1434. Bertrand J, Floyd L, Chasnoff I, Wells A, Bailey G, et al. Interventions for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs): Overview of findings for five innovative research projects. Res Dev Disab. 2009;30(5):986–1006. | ||
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| + | [26] Wells, A.M., Chasnoff, I.J., Schmidt, C.A., Telford, E., & Schwartz, L. (2012). Neurocognitive habilitation therapy for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: An adaptation of the Alert Program®. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66, 24-34. | ||
