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group_1_presentation_2_-_effects_of_exercise [2018/11/02 23:39] praveenn [Effects on Blood Pressure] |
group_1_presentation_2_-_effects_of_exercise [2018/11/09 12:49] (current) sabraniw old revision restored (2018/11/07 11:28) |
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| + | Presentation Link: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1JTOyofzyonkOJB61Z4LkGVThkePZB4uRO4ffWTzTRkY/edit#slide=id.gc6f90357f_0_0 | ||
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| ====== The Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Function ====== | ====== The Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Function ====== | ||
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| - | Blood pressure has been deemed as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease for several decades. However, aerobic exercise has been shown to mitigate this risk. In fact, aerobic exercise has been shown to decrease ambulatory blood pressure in individuals (Brownley, West, Hinderliter, & Light, 1996). This can be seen in the figure above. In the graph, blood pressure at work (usually higher due to a variety of stressors at the workplace) shows greater reduction in blood pressure than at work. This is because the work segment of the day is usually shortly after morning exercise whereas the home segment is usually several hours later. Thus, exercise has been shown to decrease blood pressure 2-5 hours post exercise after which the effects start to diminish (Brownley et al., 1996). | + | Blood pressure has been deemed as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease for several decades. However, aerobic exercise has been shown to mitigate this risk. In fact, aerobic exercise has been shown to decrease ambulatory blood pressure in individuals (Brownley, West, Hinderliter, & Light, 1996). This can be seen in the figure above. In the graph, blood pressure at work (usually higher due to a variety of stressors at the workplace) shows greater reduction in blood pressure than at home. This is because the work segment of the day is usually shortly after morning exercise whereas the home segment is usually several hours later. In the study, exercise was shown to decrease blood pressure 2-5 hours post exercise after which the effects start to diminish (Brownley et al., 1996). |
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| ====== Effects on Cardiac Output ====== | ====== Effects on Cardiac Output ====== | ||
| - | The heart, like any muscle, can grow with exercise since it is required to perform at a high level during such activity. The growth of cardiac muscle and simultaneous thickening of ventricular walls has been shown to lead to increased overall perfusion (Burton, Stokes, & Hall, 2004). Additionally, blood returns to the heart using skeletal muscles (which perform better with exercise). Therefore, exercise allows for greater smoothness of the venous blood flow which allows more blood to return to the heart (Lee & Oh, 2016). This allows the heart to pump more blood with each contraction. Higher levels of cardiac output also increase exercise capacity since trained athletes can show up to 40L greater cardiac output than untrained individuals (Lee & Oh, 2016). Lastly, with exercise the heart is able to undergo angiogenesis/coronary collateralization (Gertz et al., 2006). This essentially means that additional vessels are grown and perfuse the heart much better which allows the heart to function better. Specifically, this increases overall perfusion as well as cerebral blood flow which has been shown to improve long-term stroke outcomes (Gertz et al., 2006). | + | The heart, like any muscle, can grow with exercise since it is required to perform at a high level during such activity. The growth of cardiac muscle and simultaneous thickening of ventricular walls has been shown to lead to increased overall perfusion (Burton, Stokes, & Hall, 2004). Additionally, blood returns to the heart using skeletal muscles (which perform better with exercise). Therefore, exercise allows for greater smoothness of the venous blood flow which allows more blood to return to the heart (Lee & Oh, 2016). This allows the heart to pump more blood with each contraction. Higher levels of cardiac output also increase exercise capacity since trained athletes can show up to 40L greater cardiac output than untrained individuals (Lee & Oh, 2016). Lastly, with exercise the heart is able to undergo angiogenesis/coronary collateralization (Gertz et al., 2006). This essentially means that additional vessels are grown and perfuse the heart much better which allows for better cardiac function. Specifically, this increases overall perfusion as well as cerebral blood flow which has been shown to improve long-term stroke outcomes (Gertz et al., 2006). |
| ====== Epicardial Fat ====== | ====== Epicardial Fat ====== | ||
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| https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53491-0.00013-4 | https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53491-0.00013-4 | ||
| - | Gertz, K., Priller, J., Kronenberg, G., Fink, K. B., Winter, B., Schröck, H., ... & Dirnagl, U. (2006). Physical activity improves long-term stroke outcome via endothelial nitric oxide synthase–dependent augmentation of neovascularization and cerebral blood flow. Circulation research, 99(10), 1132-1140. | + | Gertz, K., Priller, J., Kronenberg, G., Fink, K. B., Winter, B., Schröck, H., ... & Dirnagl, U. (2006). Physical activity improves long-term stroke outcome via endothelial nitric oxide synthase–dependent augmentation of neovascularization and cerebral blood flow. Circulation research, 99(10), 1132-1140. |
| Gleeson, M., Bishop, N., Stensel, D.J., Lindley, M.R., Sarabjit, S., Nimmo, M.A. (2014). The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise: Mechanisms and Implications for the | Gleeson, M., Bishop, N., Stensel, D.J., Lindley, M.R., Sarabjit, S., Nimmo, M.A. (2014). The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise: Mechanisms and Implications for the | ||
