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public:laser_bone_proj_description 2010/07/09 14:02 public:laser_bone_proj_description 2010/07/09 14:02 current
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[[people:emighb|Brent Emigh, B.Sc.]] \\ \\ [[people:emighb|Brent Emigh, B.Sc.]] \\ \\
-    Pedicle screw spinal fixation is used specifically to achieve solid bone fusion in patients with scoliosis, fracture, spondylolisthesis, degenerative arthritis, or tumours in the spine. The pedicle screw provides a means of gripping a spinal segment and act as a firm anchor point that can be connected with an external rod. Pedicle screw insertion is challenging as the pedicle itself consists of only a narrow passage of bone into which screws need to be inserted. A previous study of screw insertion using the conventional bur-drilling and screw threading technique revealed an incidence of 13.4% for ill-placed screws. \\ \\+Pedicle screw spinal fixation is used specifically to achieve solid bone fusion in patients with scoliosis, fracture, spondylolisthesis, degenerative arthritis, or tumours in the spine. The pedicle screw provides a means of gripping a spinal segment and act as a firm anchor point that can be connected with an external rod. Pedicle screw insertion is challenging as the pedicle itself consists of only a narrow passage of bone into which screws need to be inserted. A previous study of screw insertion using the conventional bur-drilling and screw threading technique revealed an incidence of 13.4% for ill-placed screws. \\ \\
-    This project will investigate the efficiency and quality of pedicle screw pilot-holes drilled using ultra-short pulsed laser ablation. Laser ablation has several potential advantages over mechanical drills used in orthopaedics such as: no mechanical vibration, non-contact intervention, and hemostatic and asceptic effects. Thermal damage to the collateral tissue is the main drawback of laser ablation; though it can be minimized through the appropriate selection of laser parameters (e.g. pulse duration, fluence, wavelength, surface cooling). \\ \\+This project will investigate the efficiency and quality of pedicle screw pilot-holes drilled using ultra-short pulsed laser ablation. Laser ablation has several potential advantages over mechanical drills used in orthopaedics such as: no mechanical vibration, non-contact intervention, and hemostatic and asceptic effects. Thermal damage to the collateral tissue is the main drawback of laser ablation; though it can be minimized through the appropriate selection of laser parameters (e.g. pulse duration, fluence, wavelength, surface cooling). \\ \\
-    Along with finding the appropriate settings that will limit thermal damage will maintaining sufficient ablation efficiency, this project will also focus on: obtaining the desired pilot-hole diameter (~2-3mm), the effect of bone-inhomogeneity on material removal, and the impact of generated bone debris on ablation efficiency. To examine the effect of different beam parameters, a stationary femto-second Ti:Sapphire micro-machining laser system operating at a wavelength of 800nm, as well a mobile pico-second Nd:YAG laser system (Passat Canada, Toronto) operating at 1064nm, will be used to drill food-grade porcine vertebral bone. Drilled holes will be examined by light microscopy, while ablation craters and bone fractures will be analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (Philips 515, CCEM). \\+Along with finding the appropriate settings that will limit thermal damage will maintaining sufficient ablation efficiency, this project will also focus on: obtaining the desired pilot-hole diameter (~2-3mm), the effect of bone-inhomogeneity on material removal, and the impact of generated bone debris on ablation efficiency. To examine the effect of different beam parameters, a stationary femto-second Ti:Sapphire micro-machining laser system operating at a wavelength of 800nm, as well a mobile pico-second Nd:YAG laser system (Passat Canada, Toronto) operating at 1064nm, will be used to drill food-grade porcine vertebral bone. Drilled holes will be examined by light microscopy, while ablation craters and bone fractures will be analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (Philips 515, CCEM). \\

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