using_creative_commons_licenses

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<h1>Using Creative Commons Licenses</h1>
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When working in PebblePad, you may wish to use external works, such as images, to enhance your project (ex. portfolio). When doing so, it's best to attribute the works you use to the original author to avoid copyright infringement. Works with a Creative Commons license allow you to use them as long as you provide appropriate attribution and follow the author's intention for the use of their work. Types of licenses can be found <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/" class="urlextern" title="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/"  rel="nofollow">here</a>.
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<h1>Examples of Attribution</h1>
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<h3>Unaltered Work</h3>
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An example of a CC-licensed attribution for the following image is:
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<p>
<a href="/avenue/lib/exe/detail.php?id=using_creative_commons_licenses&media=lighthouse.jpg" class="media" title="lighthouse.jpg"><img src="/avenue/lib/exe/fetch.php?w=300&tok=edab6a&media=lighthouse.jpg" class="media" alt="" width="300" /></a>
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"<a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/3844207513" class="urlextern" title="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/3844207513"  rel="nofollow">DGJ_5652 - Brier Island Lighthouse</a>" by <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/" class="urlextern" title="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/"  rel="nofollow">archer10</a> is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="urlextern" title="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"  rel="nofollow">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>
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<p>
This is an ideal attribution because:
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<ul>
<li class="level1"> It contains the title of the work and is linked to the original source</li>
<li class="level1"> It contains the author of the work and is linked to their profile page</li>
<li class="level1"> It contains the appropriate linked license determined by the original author</li>
</ul>

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<h3>Modified Work</h3>
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An example of a CC attribution for slightly modified material is: 
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<p>
<a href="/avenue/lib/exe/detail.php?id=using_creative_commons_licenses&media=lighthouse_-_1_desaturated_.jpeg" class="media" title="lighthouse_-_1_desaturated_.jpeg"><img src="/avenue/lib/exe/fetch.php?w=300&tok=34ed96&media=lighthouse_-_1_desaturated_.jpeg" class="media" alt="" width="300" /></a>
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"<a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/3844207513" class="urlextern" title="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/3844207513"  rel="nofollow">DGJ_5652 - Brier Island Lighthouse</a>" by <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/" class="urlextern" title="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/"  rel="nofollow">archer10</a> is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="urlextern" title="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"  rel="nofollow">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> / Desaturated from original
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<p>
Modifications to original work include desaturation or cropping. Minor alterations to the work such as changing a typo or font size don't need to be indicated in the attribution.
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<h3>Derivative Work</h3>
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However, you may also alter the photo, such as removing its background or making it significantly different from the original. This is called creating a derivative. An example of such attribution is:
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<p>
<a href="/avenue/lib/exe/detail.php?id=using_creative_commons_licenses&media=remove_background_-2.png" class="media" title="remove_background_-2.png"><img src="/avenue/lib/exe/fetch.php?w=300&tok=024cf0&media=remove_background_-2.png" class="media" alt="" width="300" /></a>
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<p>
This work "[Name]", is a derivative of "<a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/3844207513" class="urlextern" title="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/3844207513"  rel="nofollow">DGJ_5652 - Brier Island Lighthouse</a>" by <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/" class="urlextern" title="https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/"  rel="nofollow">archer10</a>, used under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="urlextern" title="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"  rel="nofollow">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>. "[Name]" is  licensed under CC BY-SA by [Your name here].
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<p>
Creative Commons defines a derivative work as "a work based upon the Work or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or adapted."<sup><a href="#fn__1" id="fnt__1" class="fn_top">1)</a></sup>
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<h2>Finding Licenses and Attributing Work</h2>
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<p>
When making attributions, it's best to place the attribution as close to the work used as possible. It's should also be easily visible. So if you're using a picture, an attribution directly under the picture is ideal. If an attribution directly beside the work is not possible, it can be placed in the footer of the page.
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<p>
The author of the copyrighted work should indicate the type of CC license applied to their work. You can search all of Creative Commons works from their page <a href="https://search.creativecommons.org/" class="urlextern" title="https://search.creativecommons.org/"  rel="nofollow">here</a>
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<p>
For example, Flickr images will often provide a link underneath the picture to the type of license for the work. This will link you to a CC page that explains your rights in using the picture. For example, some authors will prohibit derivatives or reuse of their work for commercial purposes (using of their work to generating income). You can find the type of license for you to attribute at the top of the linked page (ex. CC BY-SA 4.0).
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<p>
If an author has a notice with their work such as "@ [Date] [Author]", reuse this notice when attributing your work. If you can't find such a notice, then you don't have to reuse the notice.
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<p>
It's possible that the work you're attributing may not have a title. In that case, it's best to mention the medium of the work and include a link to the original source. The author may also not have a profile page to link to. However, it's best to link whatever is possible for best practice. More information about proper attribution can be found <a href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Best_practices_for_attribution" class="urlextern" title="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Best_practices_for_attribution"  rel="nofollow">here</a>.
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<p>
<b>While the wording of the attribution is flexible, it's important to avoid making the attribution sound as if the author is endorsing your use of their work.
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<p>
However, it's important to keep in mind that authors can often change the license on their work – it's important that you do so as well. Creative Commons may also update the version of their license, and while this shouldn't significantly change the license, once again, it's important to update your attribution as well.
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<h3>Attributing Public Domain Works</h3>
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<p>
If a work is marked as public domain, it doesn't necessarily require attribution. Nevertheless, it's good practice to attribute the work to the original author, if only with a link, as it can help avoid future copyright disputes.
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<h2>Tips</h2>
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<p>
Google Search provides an option to filter images by usage rights. This can be found by going to Images > Search Tools > Usage Rights.
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<h1>External Links</h1>
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<ul>
<li class="level1"> <a href="https://search.creativecommons.org/" class="urlextern" title="https://search.creativecommons.org/"  rel="nofollow">Creative Commons Search</a></li>
<li class="level1"> <a href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Best_practices_for_attribution" class="urlextern" title="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Best_practices_for_attribution"  rel="nofollow">More information about ideal types of attributions</a></li>
<li class="level1"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/" class="urlextern" title="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/"  rel="nofollow">Types of Creative Commons Licenses</a></li>
<li class="level1"> <a href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php/Frequently_Asked_Questions" class="urlextern" title="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php/Frequently_Asked_Questions"  rel="nofollow">Creative Commons General FAQ</a></li>
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<div class="footnotes">
<div class="fn"><sup><a href="#fnt__1" id="fn__1" class="fn_bot">1)</a></sup> 
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/legalcode" class="urlextern" title="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/legalcode"  rel="nofollow">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/legalcode</a></div>
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