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group_5_presentation_1_-_schizophrenia [2018/02/02 00:06] saeedkf |
group_5_presentation_1_-_schizophrenia [2018/02/02 15:09] (current) bhattvj [References] |
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| ==== Etiology ==== | ==== Etiology ==== | ||
| - | Through the complex diagnosis of schizophrenia, the causes are not entirely known as to why one would directly be linked to the disorder. Genes and environment have been attributed to a probable cause as 10% of individuals who have a first-degree relative with the individual with schizophrenia. In the case of twins, the likelihood increases to a range from 10-65%. Through research it is shown that schizophrenia is not linked to a single gene in the biology thereby leading into the complexity of the disorder. This leads into the argument of genetic changes such as mutations as a cause for the illness. Other causes include pregnancy and birth complications such as low birth weight, premature labour and asphyxia during birth. | + | Through the complex diagnosis of schizophrenia, the causes are not entirely known as to why one would directly be linked to the disorder. Genes and environment have been attributed to a probable cause as 10% of individuals who have a first-degree relative with the individual with schizophrenia. In the case of twins, the likelihood increases to a range from 10-65%. Through research it is shown that schizophrenia is not linked to a single gene in the biology thereby leading into the complexity of the disorder. Many genes act synergistically resulting in changed neurotransmitter interactions (Harrison, 2014). Genetic risk for schizophrenia comes from changes in the DNA sequences, more specifically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Several loci have been observed including CACNA1C which is a L- type calcium channel, DRD2, the dopamine D2 receptor, GRIA1, an AMPA receptor subunit and GRIN2A, a NMDA receptor subunit to name a few (Harrison, 2014). This leads into the argument of genetic changes such as mutations as a cause for the illness. Other causes include pregnancy and birth complications such as low birth weight, premature labour and asphyxia during birth. |
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| Gong, Q., Lui, S., & Sweeney, J. A. (2015). A selective review of cerebral abnormalities in patients with first-episode schizophrenia before and after treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(3), 232-243. | Gong, Q., Lui, S., & Sweeney, J. A. (2015). A selective review of cerebral abnormalities in patients with first-episode schizophrenia before and after treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(3), 232-243. | ||
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| + | Harrison, P. (2014). Recent genetic findings in schizophrenia and their therapeutic relevance. Journal Of Psychopharmacology, 29(2), 85-96. | ||
| Healthwise Staff (2011). Second-Generation Antipsychotics for Treating Schizophrenia. Michigan Medicine. | Healthwise Staff (2011). Second-Generation Antipsychotics for Treating Schizophrenia. Michigan Medicine. | ||
