Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Both sides previous revision Previous revision Next revision | Previous revision | ||
|
group_4_presentation_2_-aplastic_anemia [2017/11/02 19:00] dangnn [References] |
group_4_presentation_2_-aplastic_anemia [2018/01/25 15:18] (current) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Line 100: | Line 100: | ||
| {{:aplastic_symptom.png?300|}} {{::bruise_clinical.png?300|}} | {{:aplastic_symptom.png?300|}} {{::bruise_clinical.png?300|}} | ||
| - | Hussain, S. K. (2017, April 03). Aplastic Anemia and MDS Awareness Week: Let's Fight Against Anemia. Retrieved October 19, 2017, from https://www.consumerhealthdigest.com/health-awareness/aplastic-anemia-and-mds-awareness-week.html | + | **Figure 1:** Various symptoms that are observed with aplastic anemia and clinical presentation (Hussain, S. K, 2017). |
| - | + | ||
| - | **Figure 1:** Various symptoms that are observed with aplastic anemia and clinical presentation. | + | |
| === Myelodysplastic Syndrome === | === Myelodysplastic Syndrome === | ||
| Line 112: | Line 110: | ||
| {{:myelodysplastic.png|}} | {{:myelodysplastic.png|}} | ||
| - | Myelodysplastic Syndrome - Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prognosis. (2017, May 31). Retrieved October 19, 2017, from http://www.medindia.net/patientinfo/myelodysplastic-syndrome.htm | ||
| - | **Figure 2:** The image above depicts abnormally formed blood cells within the bone marrow of a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. | + | **Figure 2:** The image above depicts abnormally formed blood cells within the bone marrow of a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (Myelodysplastic Syndrome, 2017). |
| ===== Pathophysiology ===== | ===== Pathophysiology ===== | ||
| Line 122: | Line 119: | ||
| {{::bloodcells_aplastic.png?300|}} | {{::bloodcells_aplastic.png?300|}} | ||
| - | Aplastic Anemia & Myelodysplastic Syndromes. (2014, May 01). Retrieved October 19, 2017, from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/blood-diseases/aplastic-anemia-myelodysplastic-syndromes | + | **Figure 3:** This image shows the decrease in available blood cells circulating in an individual with aplastic anemia. It is important to note that the blood cells released into the stream are physiologically normal. The decreased number of blood cells is what causes the symptoms of aplastic anemia (Aplastic Anemia & Myelodysplastic Syndromes, 2014). |
| - | + | ||
| - | **Figure 3:** This image shows the decrease in available blood cells circulating in an individual with aplastic anemia. It is important to note that the blood cells released into the stream are physiologically normal. The decreased number of blood cells is what causes the symptoms of aplastic anemia. | + | |
| Bone marrow is red and spongy material in your bone that produces stem cells which give rise to a number of cells in the blood (N., 2016). Aplastic bone marrow means the marrow is empty, or contains very few blood cells (hypoplastic). Stem cells in bone marrow produce red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. There are a number of factors that can temporarily or permanently affect the ability of bone marrow to produce blood cells, including: radiation & chemotherapy, exposure to toxic chemicals, use of certain drugs, autoimmune disorders, viral infections, and even pregnancy (N., 2016). When stem cells are damaged from these factors, they are unable to produce blood cells, and further replicate themselves, therefore cell numbers will continue to decrease, limiting the number of blood cells that can be released into the bloodstream. | Bone marrow is red and spongy material in your bone that produces stem cells which give rise to a number of cells in the blood (N., 2016). Aplastic bone marrow means the marrow is empty, or contains very few blood cells (hypoplastic). Stem cells in bone marrow produce red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. There are a number of factors that can temporarily or permanently affect the ability of bone marrow to produce blood cells, including: radiation & chemotherapy, exposure to toxic chemicals, use of certain drugs, autoimmune disorders, viral infections, and even pregnancy (N., 2016). When stem cells are damaged from these factors, they are unable to produce blood cells, and further replicate themselves, therefore cell numbers will continue to decrease, limiting the number of blood cells that can be released into the bloodstream. | ||
| Line 130: | Line 125: | ||
| {{::pathway_aa1.png?300|}} | {{::pathway_aa1.png?300|}} | ||
| - | N. (2016, February 15). Getting to know Aplastic Anemia. Retrieved October 19, 2017, from http://nursingcrib.com/nursing-notes-reviewer/getting-to-know-aplastic-anemia/ | + | **Figure 4:** This image shows the three damaged pathways of the bone marrow stem cells to produce RBCs, WBCs & platelets (Getting to know Aplastic Anemia, 2016). |
| - | + | ||
| - | **Figure 4:** This image shows the three damaged pathways of the bone marrow stem cells to produce RBCs, WBCs & platelets. | + | |
| === Stem Cells === | === Stem Cells === | ||
| Line 140: | Line 133: | ||
| {{:multipotent.png|}} | {{:multipotent.png|}} | ||
| - | Stem Cells and Types of Stem Cells. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2017, from https://explorecuriocity.org/Explore/ArticleId/2439/stem-cells-and-types-of-stem-cells-2439.aspx | + | **Figure 5:** This image depicts the pathway of a multipotent stem cell differentiating into many different specialized blood cells (Stem Cells and Types of Stem Cells, 2017). |
| - | + | ||
| - | **Figure 5:** This image depicts the pathway of a multipotent stem cell differentiating into many different specialized blood cells. | + | |
| === Red Blood Cells === | === Red Blood Cells === | ||
| Line 154: | Line 145: | ||
| {{:ironn.png|}} | {{:ironn.png|}} | ||
| - | Stem Cells and Types of Stem Cells. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2017, from https://explorecuriocity.org/Explore/ArticleId/2439/stem-cells-and-types-of-stem-cells-2439.aspx | + | **Figure 6:** This image shows the development of red blood cells originating as stem cells in the bone marrow to full development as mature red blood cells released into the bloodstream (Stem Cells and Types of Stem Cells, n.d.). |
| - | + | ||
| - | **Figure 6:** This image shows the development of red blood cells originating as stem cells in the bone marrow to full development as mature red blood cells released into the bloodstream. | + | |
| === White Blood Cells === | === White Blood Cells === | ||
| Line 172: | Line 161: | ||
| {{:1234.jpg?300|}} | {{:1234.jpg?300|}} | ||
| - | What is a platelet? (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2017, from http://plateletcharity.co.uk/uncategorized/what-is-a-platelet/ | + | **Figure 7:** This image shows the role of platelets in the blood stream, working with coagulation factors to clot injured blood vessels (What is a platelet?, n.d.) |
| - | + | ||
| - | **Figure 7:** This image shows the role of platelets in the blood stream, working with coagulation factors to clot injured blood vessels. | + | |
| ===== Screening & Diagnosis ===== | ===== Screening & Diagnosis ===== | ||
| Line 227: | Line 214: | ||
| Fatigue is one of the common symptoms of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), aplastic anemia (AA) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) along with pain, depression, anxiety and stress. This can have a large impact on the quality of life of an individual. A study done by Escalante et al. looked into quality of life of individuals with MDS, AA and PNH. The average fatigue score of the patients was 28 (range 1-52) and the quality of life score was 67 (range 10-104) specifically for those with AA. The higher values of the ranges were indicative of high fatigue or better quality of life. Popular management strategies people used were preserving energy, exercise, and naps; the most popular strategy was preserving energy. (Escalante et al., 2015). People that are diagnosed with AA may be more limited to certain activities due to their increased amount of fatigue compared to those without AA. | Fatigue is one of the common symptoms of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), aplastic anemia (AA) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) along with pain, depression, anxiety and stress. This can have a large impact on the quality of life of an individual. A study done by Escalante et al. looked into quality of life of individuals with MDS, AA and PNH. The average fatigue score of the patients was 28 (range 1-52) and the quality of life score was 67 (range 10-104) specifically for those with AA. The higher values of the ranges were indicative of high fatigue or better quality of life. Popular management strategies people used were preserving energy, exercise, and naps; the most popular strategy was preserving energy. (Escalante et al., 2015). People that are diagnosed with AA may be more limited to certain activities due to their increased amount of fatigue compared to those without AA. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | **Powerpoint Presentation** | ||
| + | {{:aplastic_anemia_ppt._.pptx|}} | ||
| ===== References ===== | ===== References ===== | ||
