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group_3_presentation_3_-_sleep_deprivation [2016/04/01 23:36] wajaa |
group_3_presentation_3_-_sleep_deprivation [2018/01/25 15:18] (current) |
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| ===== Introduction ===== | ===== Introduction ===== | ||
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| ==== Diabetes ==== | ==== Diabetes ==== | ||
| - | Diabetes is another major disease that is caused by sleep deprivation. To begin with, obesity is heavily linked with Type 2 diabetes but it is evident that a lack of sleep may impair glucose metabolism which increases the chance of diabetes.<sup>14</sup> Sleep deprivation can negatively impact one`s energy balance which can cause weight gain because of an upregulation of appetite, an increase in time to eat and a decline in energy output.<sup>14</sup> If an excessive amount of weight is gained there is potential that insulin resistances may increase coupled with a loss in glucose tolerance, which is a condition that increases the risk of developing diabetes potentially causing more weight gain to occur.<sup>14</sup> Further research was done to test the effects of sleep restriction on patients rather than patients who incurred sleep disorders.<sup>14</sup> The results of the experiments were consistent with the initial hypothesis as sleep loss resulted in an upregulation of appetite and increased Body Mass Index (BMI).<sup>14</sup> An increase level of sleepiness and fatigue coupled with a lower level of energy expenditure was also found due to the loss of glucose metabolism that occurred from the lack of sleep, thus justifying the linked causation of diabetes from sleep deprivation.<sup>14</sup> | + | There is a greater risk of about 50-150% in contracting Type 2 diabetes for those who are sleep deprived.<sup>14</sup> To begin with, obesity is heavily linked with Type 2 diabetes but it is evident that a lack of sleep may impair glucose metabolism which increases the chance of diabetes.<sup>14</sup> Sleep deprivation can negatively impact one`s energy balance which can cause weight gain because of an upregulation of appetite, an increase in time to eat and a decline in energy output.<sup>14</sup> If an excessive amount of weight is gained there is potential that insulin resistances may increase coupled with a loss in glucose tolerance, which is a condition that increases the risk of developing diabetes potentially causing more weight gain to occur.<sup>14</sup> Glucose tolerance is the mechanism that links sleep deprivation and Type 2 diabetes.<sup>14</sup> Further research was done to test the effects of sleep restriction on patients rather than patients who incurred sleep disorders.<sup>14</sup> The results of the experiments were consistent with the initial hypothesis as sleep loss resulted in an upregulation of appetite and increased Body Mass Index (BMI).<sup>14</sup> An increase level of sleepiness and fatigue coupled with a lower level of energy expenditure was also found due to the loss of glucose metabolism that occurred from the lack of sleep, thus justifying the linked causation of diabetes from sleep deprivation.<sup>14</sup> |
| ==== Heart Disease ==== | ==== Heart Disease ==== | ||
| - | With heart disease there is a 2x increase in short sleepers’ risk of developing CVD and hypertension.<sup>15</sup> Essentially a loss in sleep will result in an increase in blood pressure as well as a decrease in the sympathetic system (ANS).<sup>15</sup> The sympathetic system is the mechanism that links sleep deprivation and heart disease.<sup>15</sup> Also, stress hormones are regulated during sleep and with sleep being deprived this can cause a lot of harmful issues with the regulation of blood pressure.<sup>16</sup> Sleeping for less than 5 hours on a consistent basis causes high blood pressure and if this occurs during sleep there is a potential risk of myocardial infarction.<sup>16</sup> With these combined there is an increased risk of getting heart disease due to sleep deprivation.<sup>15</sup> | + | With heart disease there is a 2x increase risk of developing CVD and hypertension for those who are sleep deprived.<sup>15</sup> Essentially a loss in sleep will result in an increase in blood pressure as well as a decrease in the sympathetic system (ANS).<sup>15</sup> The sympathetic system is the mechanism that links sleep deprivation and heart disease.<sup>15</sup> Also, stress hormones are regulated during sleep and with sleep being deprived this can cause a lot of harmful issues with the regulation of blood pressure.<sup>16</sup> Sleeping for less than 5 hours on a consistent basis causes high blood pressure and if this occurs during sleep there is a potential risk of myocardial infarction.<sup>16</sup> With these combined there is an increased risk of getting heart disease due to sleep deprivation.<sup>15</sup> |
| ==== Psychopathological ==== | ==== Psychopathological ==== | ||
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| 25. Feature, M. J. (2005, June 29). How to Sleep Better: Sleep Deprivation Solutions. Retrieved March 30, 2016, from http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/sleep-hygiene | 25. Feature, M. J. (2005, June 29). How to Sleep Better: Sleep Deprivation Solutions. Retrieved March 30, 2016, from http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/sleep-hygiene | ||
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