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| + | =====Presentation Slides===== | ||
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| =====What is male infertility?===== | =====What is male infertility?===== | ||
| Male infertility refers to the inability to impregnate a fertile female due to abnormalities in the quantity and quality of sperm. In about 1 in 5 couples, infertility issues come from the male partner (Andrology Australia, 2018). | Male infertility refers to the inability to impregnate a fertile female due to abnormalities in the quantity and quality of sperm. In about 1 in 5 couples, infertility issues come from the male partner (Andrology Australia, 2018). | ||
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| =====Causes of Male Infertility===== | =====Causes of Male Infertility===== | ||
| - | ===Medical Causes=== | + | ====Medical Causes==== |
| - | ===Environmental Causes=== | + | |
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| + | ====Environmental Causes==== | ||
| **Industrial Chemicals and Heavy Metals** | **Industrial Chemicals and Heavy Metals** | ||
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| Sperm production and function will be become impaired at elevated temperatures. Sitting, wearing tight clothing, and using a laptop for long periods of time may contribute to the increased temperature in the scrotum and thus have the ability to reduce sperm production (Mayo Clinic, n.d.) | Sperm production and function will be become impaired at elevated temperatures. Sitting, wearing tight clothing, and using a laptop for long periods of time may contribute to the increased temperature in the scrotum and thus have the ability to reduce sperm production (Mayo Clinic, n.d.) | ||
| - | ===Lifestyle Causes=== | + | ====Lifestyle Causes==== |
| **Drug use** | **Drug use** | ||
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| =====References===== | =====References===== | ||
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| + | Andrology Australia. 2018, June 1. Male infertility. Retrieved Novem 13, 2018, from https://andrologyaustralia.org/your-health/male-infertility/ | ||
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| + | Basu, S. C. (2014). Psychological Stress and Male Infertility. In //Male Infertility// (pp. 141-159). Springer, New York, NY. | ||
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| + | Cabler, S., Agarwal, A., Flint, M., & Du Plessis, S. S. (2010). Obesity: modern man's fertility nemesis. //Asian journal of andrology//, 12(4), 480. | ||
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| + | Gude, D. (2012). Alcohol and fertility. //Journal of human reproductive sciences, 5//(2), 226. | ||
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| + | Kirby, E. D., Geraghty, A. C., Ubuka, T., Bentley, G. E., & Kaufer, D. (2009). Stress increases putative gonadotropin inhibitory hormone and decreases luteinizing hormone in male rats. //Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences//. | ||
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| + | Kovac, J. R., Khanna, A., & Lipshultz, L. I. (2015). The effects of cigarette smoking on male fertility. //Postgraduate medicine, 127//(3), 338-341. | ||
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| + | Mayo Clinic Staff. (n.d.). Male infertility - Symptoms and causes. Retrieved November 13, 2018, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773?p=1 | ||
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| + | Xu, H., Tanphaichitr, N., Forkert, P. G., Anupriwan, A., Weerachatyanukul, W., Vincent, R., ... & Wade, M. G. (2004). Exposure to trichloroethylene and its metabolites causes impairment of sperm fertilizing ability in mice. //Toxicological sciences, 82//(2), 590-597. | ||
