Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Both sides previous revision Previous revision | |||
|
group_3_presentation_1_-_zika_virus [2018/02/02 14:53] duruf [Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)] |
group_3_presentation_1_-_zika_virus [2018/02/02 14:55] (current) duruf [Microcephaly] |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Line 96: | Line 96: | ||
| ==== Microcephaly ==== | ==== Microcephaly ==== | ||
| - | Microcephaly is a birth defect associated with Congenital Zika Syndrome. Babies with microcephaly have a smaller head circumference than age and sex-matched patients. The decreased head circumference is due to improper or lack of brain development during pregnancy (CDC, 2018). Severe microcephaly (Figure 4) is an extreme form of the condition where the baby's head circumference is much smaller (~1st percentile) than babies of the same age and sex (~3rd percentile) (CDC, 2018). | + | Microcephaly is a birth defect associated with Congenital Zika Syndrome. Babies with microcephaly have a smaller head circumference than age and sex-matched patients. The decreased head circumference is due to improper or lack of brain development during pregnancy (CDC, 2018). Severe microcephaly (Figure 6) is an extreme form of the condition where the baby's head circumference is much smaller (~1st percentile) than babies of the same age and sex (~3rd percentile) (CDC, 2018). |
| <box 58% round| > {{::microcephaly_screen_shot_2018-01-24_at_11.19.55_am.png?625|}} </box| Figure 6: Baby with normal head circumference, microcephaly, and severe microcephaly, respectively (Modified from CDC, 2018)> | <box 58% round| > {{::microcephaly_screen_shot_2018-01-24_at_11.19.55_am.png?625|}} </box| Figure 6: Baby with normal head circumference, microcephaly, and severe microcephaly, respectively (Modified from CDC, 2018)> | ||
| - | A case study published by Mlakar et al. (2016) in //The New England Journal of Medicine// described the morphology of a baby with confirmed severe microcephaly. The mother, who had been infected with Zika virus, requested termination of the pregnancy at 32 weeks. At the time of termination the fetus' head circumference was 26cm (1st percentile). An autopsy performed on the fetal brain showed clear degeneration, calcifications, malformation and incomplete development of important structures (Figure 5), resulting in the small head circumference characteristic of microcephaly. | + | A case study published by Mlakar et al. (2016) in //The New England Journal of Medicine// described the morphology of a baby with confirmed severe microcephaly. The mother, who had been infected with Zika virus, requested termination of the pregnancy at 32 weeks. At the time of termination the fetus' head circumference was 26cm (1st percentile). An autopsy performed on the fetal brain showed clear degeneration, calcifications, malformation and incomplete development of important structures (Figure 7), resulting in the small head circumference characteristic of microcephaly. |
| <box 58% round| > {{:fetal_autopsy_brain.png?625|}} </box| Figure 7: Autopsy of fetal brain. Panel C shows white calcifications and loss of gyration in cortex (Black arrows), open sylvian fissures (Black arrowheads), and poorly delineated basal ganglia (Black asterisks). Panel D shows dilated lateral ventricles and collapsed left ventricle (White arrowheads), thalami are well developed (Black asterisks) along with the hippocampus (White asterisks), however contralateral structure failed to develop. (Modified from Mlakar et al., 2016)> | <box 58% round| > {{:fetal_autopsy_brain.png?625|}} </box| Figure 7: Autopsy of fetal brain. Panel C shows white calcifications and loss of gyration in cortex (Black arrows), open sylvian fissures (Black arrowheads), and poorly delineated basal ganglia (Black asterisks). Panel D shows dilated lateral ventricles and collapsed left ventricle (White arrowheads), thalami are well developed (Black asterisks) along with the hippocampus (White asterisks), however contralateral structure failed to develop. (Modified from Mlakar et al., 2016)> | ||
| - | In addition, Mlakar et al. (2016) used electron microscopy to image ultra-thin sections of the fetal brain and staining of viral particles in order to visualize the presence of Zika virus in the fetal brain tissue. Imaging showed dense clusters of viral particles among the damaged brain tissue, as well as the presence of active viral replication (Figure 6). | + | In addition, Mlakar et al. (2016) used electron microscopy to image ultra-thin sections of the fetal brain and staining of viral particles in order to visualize the presence of Zika virus in the fetal brain tissue. Imaging showed dense clusters of viral particles among the damaged brain tissue, as well as the presence of active viral replication (Figure 8). |
| <box 45% round| > {{:electron_microscopy.png?475|}} </box| Figure 8: Electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of the fetal brain and staining of viral particles. Panel A shows dense clusters of virions amongst damaged brain cells. Panel B is a magnified image of Panel A, clearly showing the virion clusters. Panel C shows viral particles with bright interiors indicative of viral replication. Panel D is a negative staining of a virion showing morphological characteristics consistent with Zika virus (Modified from Mlakar et al., 2016)> | <box 45% round| > {{:electron_microscopy.png?475|}} </box| Figure 8: Electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of the fetal brain and staining of viral particles. Panel A shows dense clusters of virions amongst damaged brain cells. Panel B is a magnified image of Panel A, clearly showing the virion clusters. Panel C shows viral particles with bright interiors indicative of viral replication. Panel D is a negative staining of a virion showing morphological characteristics consistent with Zika virus (Modified from Mlakar et al., 2016)> | ||
