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group_3_presentation_1_-_adderall [2020/01/31 22:11] mehmoodm [References] |
group_3_presentation_1_-_adderall [2020/02/13 23:36] (current) mehmoodm |
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| + | ====== Presentation Slides ====== | ||
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| + | {{::group_3_-_presentation_1_-_adderall_1_.pdf|}} | ||
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| ====== Adderall ====== | ====== Adderall ====== | ||
| <box 55% round center|> {{ :test.jpg?550 |}} </box| Figure 1. Image of Adderall pills (The Recovery Village, 2020)> | <box 55% round center|> {{ :test.jpg?550 |}} </box| Figure 1. Image of Adderall pills (The Recovery Village, 2020)> | ||
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| === Statistics on the Use of Adderall by Students === | === Statistics on the Use of Adderall by Students === | ||
| - | The reliance on Adderall by students has been a concern for some time, especially due to the number of students who are unaware of the potential negative health impacts of Adderall abuse. The only legal method of obtaining Adderall is through a prescription, however, many students continue to use Adderall illegally by borrowing them from someone they know, such as a friend. | + | The reliance on Adderall by students has been a concern for some time, especially due to the number of students who are unaware of the potential negative health impacts of Adderall abuse. The only legal method of obtaining Adderall is through a prescription. However, many students continue to use Adderall illegally by borrowing them from someone they know, such as a friend. |
| <box 30% round center|> {{ :adderall30.png?300 |}} </box| Figure 4. Percentage of students who have used Adderall for their studies (American Addiction Centers, 2019)> | <box 30% round center|> {{ :adderall30.png?300 |}} </box| Figure 4. Percentage of students who have used Adderall for their studies (American Addiction Centers, 2019)> | ||
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| ====== Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ====== | ====== Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ====== | ||
| - | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is classified as a mental health condition in which an individual has difficulty paying attention, focusing on tasks, acting without thinking, and has trouble sitting still. ADHD is most commonly diagnosed between the ages of 6 and 12 with an intensive analysis of the child’s distractibility, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (Husney, 2018). The exact cause of ADHD is yet to be determined, but it is generally understood that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the disruption of normal brain function and development. | + | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is classified as a mental health condition in which an individual has difficulty paying attention, focusing on tasks, acting without thinking, and has trouble sitting still. ADHD is most commonly diagnosed between the ages of 6 and 12 with an intensive analysis of the child’s distractibility, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (Husney, 2018). The exact cause of ADHD is yet to be determined but it is generally understood that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the disruption of normal brain function and development. |
| - | <box 40% round right|> {{ :sleep-apnea.jpg?nolink&400|}} </box| Figure 7. Image of young students in class> | + | <box 20% round right|> {{ :sleep-apnea.jpg?nolink&290|}} </box| Figure 7. Image of young students in class> |
| ADHD has a mean worldwide prevalence of 2.2% of cases in all children and adolescents (younger than 18 years of age). The mean prevalence in adults in Asia, Europe, North and South America, and the Middle East is 2.5%. It has also been noted that ADHD is more often reported in males as compared to females (ADHD Institute, 2019). | ADHD has a mean worldwide prevalence of 2.2% of cases in all children and adolescents (younger than 18 years of age). The mean prevalence in adults in Asia, Europe, North and South America, and the Middle East is 2.5%. It has also been noted that ADHD is more often reported in males as compared to females (ADHD Institute, 2019). | ||
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| ''“Adderall wiped away the question of willpower. Now I could study all night, then run 10 miles, then breeze through that week’s New Yorker, all without pausing to consider whether I might prefer to chat with classmates or go to the movies. It was fantastic.” | ''“Adderall wiped away the question of willpower. Now I could study all night, then run 10 miles, then breeze through that week’s New Yorker, all without pausing to consider whether I might prefer to chat with classmates or go to the movies. It was fantastic.” | ||
| - | '' | + | '' (Schwartz, 2015). |
| <box 40% round center|> {{:la-la-ca-casey-schwartz-045-jpg-201508261.jpg?nolink&400|}} </box| Figure 16. Casey Schwartz, a staff writer at Newsweek/The Daily Beast, where she covered neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry. Her writing has also appeared in The New York Times and The New York Sun (Schwartz, 2015).> | <box 40% round center|> {{:la-la-ca-casey-schwartz-045-jpg-201508261.jpg?nolink&400|}} </box| Figure 16. Casey Schwartz, a staff writer at Newsweek/The Daily Beast, where she covered neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry. Her writing has also appeared in The New York Times and The New York Sun (Schwartz, 2015).> | ||
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| While Casey thought she was having total control over herself through Adderall, she realized that it was exactly the opposite: The Adderall made her life unpredictable. | While Casey thought she was having total control over herself through Adderall, she realized that it was exactly the opposite: The Adderall made her life unpredictable. | ||
| ==== ===== | ==== ===== | ||
| - | ''"I was terrified I had done something irreversible to my brain, terrified that I was going to discover that I couldn’t write at all without my special pills.” - Casey'' ===== | + | ''"I was terrified I had done something irreversible to my brain, terrified that I was going to discover that I couldn’t write at all without my special pills.” - Casey'" (Schwartz, 2015) ===== |
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| ====== References ====== | ====== References ====== | ||
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| + | Adderall: Side Effects, High, Abuse, Withdrawal. (n.d.). Retrieved February 1, 2020, from https://www.findatopdoc.com/Healthy-Living/adderall-side-effects-abuse-withdrawal | ||
| ADHD Epidemiology. (n.d.). //ADHD Institute//. Retrieved January 25, 2020, from http://adhd-institute.com/burden-of-adhd/epidemiology/ | ADHD Epidemiology. (n.d.). //ADHD Institute//. Retrieved January 25, 2020, from http://adhd-institute.com/burden-of-adhd/epidemiology/ | ||
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| Sherzada, A. (2012). An analysis of ADHD drugs: Ritalin and Adderall. //JCCC Honors Journal//, //3//(1), 2. | Sherzada, A. (2012). An analysis of ADHD drugs: Ritalin and Adderall. //JCCC Honors Journal//, //3//(1), 2. | ||
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| + | Silberman, J. (2018). From the Daily: Let’s talk about Adderall. Retrieved from https://www.michigandaily.com/section/editorials/daily-let%E2%80%99s-talk-about-adderall | ||
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| + | Socratic. (2017). How do presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons work? Retrieved from https://socratic.org/questions/how-do-presynaptic-and-postsynaptic-neurons-work | ||
| Strawn, J. R., Ekhator, N. N., Horn, P. S., Baker, D. G., & Geracioti Jr, T. D. (2004). Blood pressure and cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. //Psychosomatic Medicine//, //66//(5), 757-759. | Strawn, J. R., Ekhator, N. N., Horn, P. S., Baker, D. G., & Geracioti Jr, T. D. (2004). Blood pressure and cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. //Psychosomatic Medicine//, //66//(5), 757-759. | ||
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| WebMD. (n.d.). Adderall Oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/g00/drugs/2/drug-63163/adderall-oral/details | WebMD. (n.d.). Adderall Oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/g00/drugs/2/drug-63163/adderall-oral/details | ||
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| + | What You Need to Know About Adderall (amphetamine) | PsyCom.net. (n.d.). Psycom.Net - Mental Health Treatment Resource Since 1986. Retrieved February 1, 2020, from https://www.psycom.net/adderall-amphetamine | ||
| Wise, R. A. (2004). Dopamine, learning and motivation. //Nature Reviews Neuroscience//, //5//(6), 483-494. | Wise, R. A. (2004). Dopamine, learning and motivation. //Nature Reviews Neuroscience//, //5//(6), 483-494. | ||
