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group_2_presentation_2_-_methadone_clinics [2018/11/02 21:06] shihp1 |
group_2_presentation_2_-_methadone_clinics [2018/11/02 23:50] (current) bhattj3 |
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| ====== Methadone Clinics====== | ====== Methadone Clinics====== | ||
| - | {{:anorexia_ppt.pptx|}} | + | {{:methadone_clinic.pptx|}} |
| + | {{ :a-look-inside-a-methadone-clinic.jpg |}} | ||
| + | <div style="text-align: center;">Marden, D. (2016). Western NC Harm Reduction: A Look Inside a Methadone Clinic. Retrieved from https://sobernation.com/western-nc-harm-reduction-a-look-inside/> | ||
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| The two main types of clinics are public and private. Public are cheaper and longer waits, private are better equipped. In Canada, free consultation but a cost of $5-15 for the medication each time <sup>5</sup>. | The two main types of clinics are public and private. Public are cheaper and longer waits, private are better equipped. In Canada, free consultation but a cost of $5-15 for the medication each time <sup>5</sup>. | ||
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| + | <box 30%| > {{ :methadoneuses.png?nolink&400|}} </box| Figure 5: Uses of methadone for treatment [[https://www.confirmbiosciences.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/methadone-graphic-3-01.png]] > | ||
| Goals of a Methadone Clinic <sup>5</sup>: | Goals of a Methadone Clinic <sup>5</sup>: | ||
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| ====== Methadone Program in Canada ====== | ====== Methadone Program in Canada ====== | ||
| + | ====For Practitioners==== | ||
| In the past, practitioners were required to obtain an exemption from Health Canada before they could prescribe, sell, provide or administer methadone <sup>4</sup>. As of May 19, 2018, the Government of Canada removed this regulatory constraint and exemptions are no longer required from Health Canada for practitioners to prescribe, sell or administer methadone to their patients <sup>4</sup>. This change is meant to help Canadians have greater access to a comprehensive treatment options <sup>4</sup>. | In the past, practitioners were required to obtain an exemption from Health Canada before they could prescribe, sell, provide or administer methadone <sup>4</sup>. As of May 19, 2018, the Government of Canada removed this regulatory constraint and exemptions are no longer required from Health Canada for practitioners to prescribe, sell or administer methadone to their patients <sup>4</sup>. This change is meant to help Canadians have greater access to a comprehensive treatment options <sup>4</sup>. | ||
| + | ====For Pharmacists==== | ||
| Pharmacists may sell or provide a narcotic to a person if the pharmacist has a written order or prescription, signed and dated, by a practitioner <sup>4</sup>. They no longer need to contact Health Canada in order to verify if a practitioner holds a valid exemption to prescribe methadone <sup>4</sup>. | Pharmacists may sell or provide a narcotic to a person if the pharmacist has a written order or prescription, signed and dated, by a practitioner <sup>4</sup>. They no longer need to contact Health Canada in order to verify if a practitioner holds a valid exemption to prescribe methadone <sup>4</sup>. | ||
| - | Patients can receive methadone if is is required for their condition and if they are administered under professional care <sup>4</sup>. | + | ====For Patients==== |
| + | As of May 19,2018, patients can receive methadone if is is required for their condition and if they are administered under professional care <sup>4</sup>. They no longer need consent from Health Canada. | ||
| ====== Harm Reduction ====== | ====== Harm Reduction ====== | ||
| Harm reduction is essentially policies and strategies that are aimed at reducing negative consequences of active drug use <sup>12</sup>. Users no longer need to buy drugs from the black market, instead, they would visit the clinic several times each day to receive drugs supplied by the clinic under professional care <sup>12</sup>. The idea behind this is to respect the rights of people who use drugs, however, drug use is still punishable by law <sup>12</sup>. Many law enforcement agencies practice harm reduction policies in high drug use areas <sup>12</sup>. | Harm reduction is essentially policies and strategies that are aimed at reducing negative consequences of active drug use <sup>12</sup>. Users no longer need to buy drugs from the black market, instead, they would visit the clinic several times each day to receive drugs supplied by the clinic under professional care <sup>12</sup>. The idea behind this is to respect the rights of people who use drugs, however, drug use is still punishable by law <sup>12</sup>. Many law enforcement agencies practice harm reduction policies in high drug use areas <sup>12</sup>. | ||
| - | ====== Negative and Positive Implications ====== | + | ====== Positive and Negative Implications ====== |
| === Positive Effects === | === Positive Effects === | ||
| - | Gives the users the ability to stop using needles therefore, reducing the incidents of blood borne diseases like hepatitis C and HIV <sup>20</sup>. Moreover, clinics provide addicts with a structured treatment while ensuring that the quality of the drug is pure and the dosage is right since it comes directly from pharmaceutical companies instead of the street <sup>20</sup>. It also provides an opportunity for addicts to meet others with the same problem and intention to improve current condition, which allows for addicts to help and support each other <sup>20</sup>. | + | There are many positive aspects of methadone clinics, this include giving the users the ability to stop using needles therefore, reducing the incidents of blood borne diseases like hepatitis C and HIV <sup>20</sup>. Moreover, clinics provide addicts with a structured treatment while ensuring that the quality of the drug is pure and the dosage is right since it comes directly from pharmaceutical companies instead of the street <sup>20</sup>. It also provides an opportunity for addicts to meet others with the same problem and intention to improve current condition, which allows for addicts to help and support each other <sup>20</sup>. |
| A study conducted at Vancouver’s Crosstown Clinic found patients in the program cut back their use of drugs from at least 14 times a month to less than four times a month <sup>17</sup>. The study also found more than 80 per cent retention rate and 20 per cent have been able to graduate to less-intensive treatment options such as methadone pills after they stabilize <sup>17</sup>. | A study conducted at Vancouver’s Crosstown Clinic found patients in the program cut back their use of drugs from at least 14 times a month to less than four times a month <sup>17</sup>. The study also found more than 80 per cent retention rate and 20 per cent have been able to graduate to less-intensive treatment options such as methadone pills after they stabilize <sup>17</sup>. | ||
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| === Negative Effects === | === Negative Effects === | ||
| + | One common observation amongst many different areas with high concentrations of people addicted to opiates and heroin is the prevalence of poverty. Services such as Methadone clinics are great additions in combating addiction, however, affordability is a crucial concept to consider. People in these general areas are often addicted to these substances due to circumstances that are out of their control (ie. hung out with the wrong crowd or hit with a sudden financial crisis). The stigma within these clinics is that while you can afford the treatment, you'll be treated very well, however, the moment it becomes affordable or you miss payments, the institution really stigmatizes you. They have the mentality of "if you can afford heroin, why can't you afford the treatment" <sup>21</sup>. This stigma coupled with the financial inaccessibility causes people to slowly shy off the treatment. As the dosages get smaller, the addiction often comes back to many people and it goes back to controlling their lives. It truly becomes a constant loop that can’t be broken and leaves people stuck in their unfortunate situation <sup>21</sup>. | ||
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| + | Another side effect that people often shrug off and do not take seriously is the fluctuations in weight gain that methadone users often experience. Many times, the dosage required to curb addiction is very variable and thus, quantities ingested are not always the correct amount. There has been a correlation between high methadone dosages and the increase in cravings that patients have in ingesting food that they deem rewarding <sup>8</sup>. Often times, this food is junk food and contains high amounts of sugar and fats. Essentially, this causes patients to substitute one addiction to another and this could lead to another severe problem such as diabetes. Counsellors have seen some patients gain up to 50 pounds in a mere 4 months of treatment, which puts peoples BMIs at levels exceeding 30 (overweight/obese) <sup>12</sup>. | ||
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| + | Lastly, the side effect that many individuals experienced was related to the functioning of their reproductive organs and their overall sexual experience as human. One mind boggling fact that isn't really advertised is that almost 40 percent of men over 40 will encounter some type of form of erectile dysfunction <sup>6</sup>. There are over 100 million individuals that fall into those categories and 40% would mean almost 40 million affected. This is quite the huge number of males affected. Luckily, only 12% of men are affected under 40, which is still quite a large number but dismal compared to the other statistic <sup>6</sup>. Some men have also reported decreased levels of libido, which is the desire to engage in sexual intercourse. Methadone also effects women's sexual drives as well by causing the loss of menstruation. Luckily, this only happens in a very small percentage of females <sup>6</sup>. | ||
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