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group_1_presentation_2_-_hiccups [2019/03/08 23:56] chens60 [Eating a lemon wedge saturated in Angostura bitters] |
group_1_presentation_2_-_hiccups [2019/03/09 00:00] (current) chens60 [The Heimlich maneuver] |
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| - | <box 46% round | > {{ :brain.jpg?450 |}} </box| Figure 4: Components of the brain.> | + | <box 46% round | > {{ :brain.jpg?450 |}} </box| Figure 4: Components of the brain in an individual with a central nervous system disorder.> |
| ===== Metabolic Disorders ===== | ===== Metabolic Disorders ===== | ||
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| The mechanism behind this is that hiccups most often begin during inspiration and are inhibited by elevations in PaCO2. Breath holding and breathing into a paper bag are thought to restore normal phrenic nervous rhythms (Ropper & Samuels 2009 and Aldrich & Tso 2005). A study done by Morris et al. (2004) tested breath holding as a means to terminate hiccups in 6 pregnant women. Using the technique of supra-supramaximal inspiration, it was postulated that this technique may terminate spasmodic diaphragm contractions by effectively immobilising the diaphragm for 20 seconds, while also increasing PaCO2. Lung expansion may also cause a reflex reduction in phrenic nerve tonicity (Morris et al., 2004). | The mechanism behind this is that hiccups most often begin during inspiration and are inhibited by elevations in PaCO2. Breath holding and breathing into a paper bag are thought to restore normal phrenic nervous rhythms (Ropper & Samuels 2009 and Aldrich & Tso 2005). A study done by Morris et al. (2004) tested breath holding as a means to terminate hiccups in 6 pregnant women. Using the technique of supra-supramaximal inspiration, it was postulated that this technique may terminate spasmodic diaphragm contractions by effectively immobilising the diaphragm for 20 seconds, while also increasing PaCO2. Lung expansion may also cause a reflex reduction in phrenic nerve tonicity (Morris et al., 2004). | ||
| - | <box 40% round | > {{ :bag.jpg?340 |}} </box| Figure 6: Bhild blowing into paper bag.> | + | <box 40% round | > {{ :bag.jpg?340 |}} </box| Figure 6: Child breathing into paper bag.> |
| ==== Eating a lemon wedge saturated in Angostura bitters ==== | ==== Eating a lemon wedge saturated in Angostura bitters ==== | ||
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| This study used the Heimlich maneuver, usually utilized to expel aspirated water, vomitus, debris, and other foreign matter to stabilize the diaphragmatic spasms in hiccups. This procedure elevates the diaphragm, increasing intrathoracic pressure and compressing the lungs (Heimlich & Patrick, 1988). A modified Heimlich maneuver with 3 thrusts delivered at 10-second intervals was used and seen to be effective in terminating the hiccup immediately. Presumably, this maneuver caused the cessation of the diaphragmatic contractions responsible for the hiccups (Heymann, 2003). | This study used the Heimlich maneuver, usually utilized to expel aspirated water, vomitus, debris, and other foreign matter to stabilize the diaphragmatic spasms in hiccups. This procedure elevates the diaphragm, increasing intrathoracic pressure and compressing the lungs (Heimlich & Patrick, 1988). A modified Heimlich maneuver with 3 thrusts delivered at 10-second intervals was used and seen to be effective in terminating the hiccup immediately. Presumably, this maneuver caused the cessation of the diaphragmatic contractions responsible for the hiccups (Heymann, 2003). | ||
| - | Other approaches with rare reports of effectiveness for intractable hiccups include hypnosis, acupuncture, and even surgery. Two examples surgical procedures are a “nerve block” that stops the phrenic nerve (the major nerve supply for the diaphragm) from sending signals so that the diaphragm stops contracting, and implantation of a pacemaker that results in more rhythmic contractions of the diaphragm (The Myth and Mystery of Hiccups. n.d.). | + | Other approaches with rare reports of effectiveness for intractable hiccups include hypnosis, acupuncture, and even surgery. Two examples surgical procedures are a “nerve block” that stops the phrenic nerve (the major nerve supply for the diaphragm) from sending signals so that the diaphragm stops contracting, and implantation of a pacemaker that results in more rhythmic contractions of the diaphragm (The Myth and Mystery of Hiccups., n.d.). |
| These measures seem to be most effective in transient hiccups and are less effective with persistent hiccups, but it is hard to know if the treatments are really effective or not because they typically resolve themselves, and there is not enough scientific evidence or research yet to back up any of these claims (Schuchmann & Browne, 2007). With the research already been conducted on some of these treatments, a lot are anecdotal and have small sample sizes. Overall, these treatments are generally safe to use so it can be worth a try. These remedies may be very convenient and less hazardous, however, their effectiveness to treat serious hiccups are usually uncertain (Chang & Lu, 2012). | These measures seem to be most effective in transient hiccups and are less effective with persistent hiccups, but it is hard to know if the treatments are really effective or not because they typically resolve themselves, and there is not enough scientific evidence or research yet to back up any of these claims (Schuchmann & Browne, 2007). With the research already been conducted on some of these treatments, a lot are anecdotal and have small sample sizes. Overall, these treatments are generally safe to use so it can be worth a try. These remedies may be very convenient and less hazardous, however, their effectiveness to treat serious hiccups are usually uncertain (Chang & Lu, 2012). | ||
